This image is in the
public domain
because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain in its
source country
for the following reason:
Public domain
Public domain
false
false
This work is in the
public domain
in France for one of the following reasons:
Its author (or the last of its authors in the case of a collaboration work) died more than 70 years ago (
CPI art. L123-1
) and did not benefit from any copyright extension (CPI art.
L123-8
,
L123-9
and
L123-10
)
[1]
;
It is an anonymous or pseudonymous work (the identity of the author has never been disclosed) or a collective work
[2]
and more than 70 years have passed since its publication (
CPI art. L123-3
);
It is the recording of an audiovisual or musical work already in the public domain, and more than 50 years have passed since the performance or the recording (
CPI art. L211-4
).
Please note that
moral rights
still apply when the work is in the public domain. They encompass, among others, the right to the respect of the author's name, quality and work (
CPI art. L121-1
). Attribution therefore remains mandatory.
↑
Copyright extensions must be considered only in the case of musical works and of authors
Mort pour la France
(died during conflict, in the service of France). In other cases, they are included in the 70 years
post mortem auctoris
length (see
this statement
of the
Cour de Cassation
).
↑
The collective work status is quite restrictive, please make sure that it is actually established.
This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate
{{PD-old}}
tag instead. For usage, see
Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag
.
This image (or other media file) is in the
public domain
because its copyright has
expired
and its author is
anonymous
.
This applies to the
European Union
and those countries with a copyright term of 70 years after the work was made available to the public and the author never disclosed their identity.
Important
: Always mention where the image comes from, as far as possible, and make sure the author never claimed authorship.
Note:
In Germany and possibly other countries, certain anonymous works published before July 1, 1995 are copyrighted until 70 years after the death of the author. See
Übergangsrecht
. Please use this template only if the author never claimed authorship or their authorship never became public in any other way. If the work is anonymous or pseudonymous (e.g., published only under a corporate or organization's name), use this template for images published more than 70 years ago.
For a work made available to the public in the United Kingdom, please use
Template:PD-UK-unknown
instead.
Captions
Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents