Sayyid Ali al-Akbar ibn al-Hasan (Arabic: سید علي الأكبر بن الحسن, romanized: Sayyid ʿAlī al-Akbar ibn al-Ḥasan) was a Sunni Muslim saint, and according to some historians of genealogy the second son of Imam Hasan al-Askari, the eleventh Imam in Shia Islam. He was also the brother of the twelfth Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi. His existence was hidden because of contemporary political conflicts with the political leadership of the Abbasids, reaching its peak at that time.^[5][6][7]

All of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. (May 2022)

Sayyid Ali al-Akbar is venerated in Sunni and Shiite sufi Islam as the patriarch of various Sufi Saints.^[8][9]

The genealogical records of some Middle Eastern families, especially from Persia and Khorasan, indicate that 11th imam had a second son, Sayyid Ali.^[10][11] This is supported by the belief of various followers of Sufi saints, like the sunni saints Moinuddin Chishti and Bahauddin Naqshband, who were the founders of the Chishtiyya and Naqshbandiyya sufi orders and also the prominent Sufi Saint Khwaja Maudood Chishti.

In his Usul al-Kafi, al-Kulayni wrote, "All confirms the claim that Hasan al-Askari had more than one wife, in addition to slave girls, with whom he had relations" and, "when the caliph received news of Imam Hasan al-Askari's illness, he instructed his agents to keep a constant watch over the house of the Imam... he sent some of these midwives to examine the slave girls of the Imam to determine if they were pregnant. If a woman was found pregnant she was detained and imprisoned."^[5][12][7]

According to the earliest reports as cited below from official family tree documents and records, Imam Hasan al-Askari fathered seven children and was survived by six.^[13][14] The names of his illustrious biological children were: Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, Musa, Ja’far, Ibrahim, Fatima and ‘Ali, sometimes referred to as al-Akbar, al-Asghar, al-Taqi, al-Muttaqi or al-Amir, Abu Abdullah, Shah Abul Maali.^{[15][16][17][18][4][19]} Еarly books on sayyid genealogy also mention that the descendants of Sayyid Ali ibn Sayyid imam Hassan al-Askari lived in the city of Sabzevar in shiite muslims Iran.^[20][21]

• Sultan Saodat graves of Sayyid Ali Akbar and his relatives.
• Descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar, Hazrat Ishaan

Notable descendants of Sayyid Ali Akbar include the eleventh generation Sufi saints, Maudood Chishti and Bahauddin Naqshband.^[22][23][24] One descendant after eighteen generations was Hazrat Ishaan. Maternal descendants of Sayyid Imam al-Askari and Hazrat Ishaan included the brothers, Sayyid Mir Jan, Sayyid Mahmud Agha and Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha, the Chief Justice of the Emirate of Afghanistan. And paternal descendant of Sayyid Imam Al-Askari Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and commonly known as Al-Afghani - a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century and Sayyid Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani, known as "Al-Khatim", was the founder of the Khatmiyya sufi tariqa that has a following in Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia.

Annemarie Schimmel wrote, "Khwaja Mir Dard's family, like many nobles from Bukhara, led their pedigree back to Baha'uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendant, in the eleventh generation of the eleventh Shia imam, Sayyid al-Hasan al-Askari."^[12]

Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik of Afghanistan, Hazrat Ishaan of the Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya and Barakzai Prince (Mir Muhammad Jan Khel of the Telai cadet branch) is a Sunni descendant of Sayyid Ali Akbar after 34 generations in an immediate line through Bahauddin Naqshband, Hazrat Ishaan and Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha.^[25]

There are some Shiite genealogists like Walid Al-Baaj, who describe that there were old genealogical sources, stating that Sultan Sadat Sayyid Ali Akbar was the second son of Sayyid imam Muhammad al-Askari who is considered the elder brother of imam Hasan al-Askari, and his descendants.^{[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]} Al-Baaj wrote a book about the descent of Ali Akbar from Muhammad ibn Ali al Hadi and not Hasan al Askari in 1999.^[33]

Harvard Professor Annemarie Schimmel highlights the descent of Bahauddin Naqshband from Hasan al Askari through Sayyid Ali Akbar, referring to the Sunni noble Khwaja Mir Dard´s family and "many nobles, from Bukhara; they led their pedigree back to Baha`uddin Naqshband, after whom the Naqshbandi order is named, and who was a descendent, in the 13th generation of the 11th Shia imam al-Hasan al-Askari".^[34]

The genealogy of Khwaja Samandar Muhammad ibn Baqi al-Termizi - the famous sheikh and poet, writer and scholar, author of "Dastur al Mulk" (Guide to Kings) (XVII сentury), goes back to Sultan Sadat - Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar Termizi - in turn Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar bin Sayyid imam Al-Askari, it is mentioned in his history book called "Dastur al Mulk". The 15th century famous poet, musicologist, scholar of language and other sciences Sahib Balkhi Sharifi wrote about the Sayyids of Termiz. His one of the poems begins with the name of Sultan Saadat (Sultan of Sayyids), i.e. the praise of Al-Amir Sayyid Ali Akbar al Termizi. Therefore, Sultan Saadat (Sodot) is the Sultan of Sayyids and the owner (historians suggest that Sayyid Ali Akbar bin Sayyid imam Muhammad Al-Askari's burial place is located in the main mausoleum Sultan Saodat memorial complex) "Sultan Saodat (Sadat)" Mausoleum (erected 9-15 centuries) in Termez city - and Sultan Sadat is Sayyid Ali Akbar al Termizi, which is also mentioned with the nickname (kunyat) Sayyid Abu Muhammad who presumably died at the end of the 9th century or early 10th century in Termez. Many tombs and nameless graves of more than a thousand sayyids are located in the "Sultan Saodat" memorial complex and its territory in Termez.^{[35][36][37][38][39]}

• Bahauddin Naqshband
• Hazrat Ishaan
• Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband
• Sayyid Mir Jan
• Sayyid Mahmud Agha
• Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha
• Emir Sultan Shamsuddin Bukhari
• Ishan Imlo
• Ajall Shams al-Din Omar
• Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin
• Pir Baba
• Qozi Sayyid Bahodirxon
• Shaal Pir Baba
• Maudood Chishti
• Ahmed Badawi
• Wali Kirani
• Khwaja Abdullah Chishti
• Ibrahim Yukpasi
• Salih al-Ja'fari
• Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī
• Muhammad Mirgani
• Ali Mirgani
• Muhammad Usman Mirgani
• Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim
• Ahmed al-Mirghani
• Shah Sayyid Nasruddin

• Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib
• Twelve Imams
• Imamate (Twelver doctrine)
• Ahl Al-Bayt
• Sayyid