Jinju_Formation

Jinju Formation
Jinju Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian; ~112.4–106.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Shindong Group
Underlies	Chilgog Formation, Iljig Formation
Overlies	Hasandong Formation
Thickness	1,000–1,800 m (3,300–5,900 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Shale
Other	Sandstone
Location
Coordinates	35.1°N 128.1°E
Approximate paleocoordinates	44.3°N 122.7°E
Region	North Gyeongsang Province
Country	South Korea
Extent	Gyeongsang Basin(ko:경상 분지)
	Jinju Formation (South Korea)

Jinju Formation

Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea

The Jinju Formation (Korean: 진주층; Hanja: 晋州層; RR: Jinju-cheung) is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea.^[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.^[2] The depositional age of this formation spans from approximately 112.4 ± 1.3 to 106.5 million years ago (early Albian) based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating.^[3] It predominantly consists of black shale, with sandstone packets, deposited in a fluvial-lacustrine setting.

Quick Facts Type, Unit of ...

A diverse spider fauna is known from the formation, including indeterminate mygalomorphs and palpimanoids as well as two species of lagonomegopid belonging to the genera Koreamegops and Jinjumegops.^[4] Other compression fossils known from the formation include a species of the zhangsolvid fly Buccinatormyia, the elaterid beetle Koreagrypnus, and the ichthyodectiform fish Jinjuichthys. This formation has also "attracted global ichnological attention" for the variety of important ichnofossils.^[5] Columnar and rod-shaped stromatolites have also been found here.^[6]

Fossil content

Insects

Jinju formation consists of a diverse order of insects: Orthoptera, Homoptera, Mantodea, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Neuroptera, Blattoidea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Mecoptera, etc. A larvae fossil of aquatic insect has also been discovered.^[6]

Ichnofossils

More information Ichnofossils of the Jinju Formation ...


Ichnofossils of the Jinju Formation
Ichnogenus	Ichnospecies	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Grallator^[41]					Theropod track; similar to the ichnospecies G. yangi
Corpulentapus^[41]					Theropod track
Asianopodus^[41]					Theropod track
Dromaeosauriformipes^[42]	D. rarus				Didactyl tracks made by either juvenile dromaeosaur or very small species of trackmaker, represents the smallest non-avian dinosaur tracks known.
Dromaeosauripus^[43]	D. jinjuensis	Namhae^[35]			Didactyl tracks made by a 40 cm (1.3 ft) tall dromaeosaur.
Ignotornis	I. seoungjoseoi^[44]				Bird Track
Jindongornipes	J. isp.^[44]				Bird Track
Koreasaltipes^[45]	K. jinjuensis	Jinju^[35]			Traces left by a hopping mammal
Neosauroides	N. innovatus^[46]				The largest reported lizard trackway in South Korea.
cf. Chelichnus^[47]		Sacheon^[35]			Turtle trackway; first identified as Chelonipus isp.^[48]
Ranipes^[47]	indeterminate				Oldest known frog trackway. Made by a species that hopped in short distances.
Crocodylopodus^[49]					First report of this ichogenus from Asia.
Batrachopus	B. grandis^[50]				Track made by a 3 m (9.8 ft) long bipedal crocodylomorph; the pterosaur trackway ichnospecies Haenamichnus gainensis from the Haman Formation is now assigned to this species as B. cf. grandis.^[50] Paleontologist James I. Kirkland expresses doubts on the ichnogenus assignment.^[51]
Minisauripus	M. isp.^[5]				One of the smallest known theropod tracks. Currently the oldest record of this ichnogenus from South Korea.
Pteraichnus	P. gracilis^[52] "P. seopoensis"^[53]				Pterosaur trackway. P. seopoensis is currently a naked name, since it was only described in a master's thesis.
Lockeia	L. gigantus^[40]				Resting bivalve trace fossils
Diplichnites	D. isp.^[8]				Arthropod tracks
Coclichnus	C. isp.^[8]				Trace by Annelida tracemakers
Radialimbricatus^[54]	R. bitoensis				Potential tracemakers include arthropods, cnidarians or annelids
Protovirgularia^[55]	P. dichotoma				First nonmarine occurrence of this ichnotaxon; possibly made by larvae of dragonfly^[56]
Fictovichnus^[57]	indeterminate				Probable insect cocoon or pupation chamber; the earliest record of an insect pupation structure probably associated with a burrow
Chondrites	C. isp.^[58]
Palaeophycus	P. tubularis^[58]
Helminthopsis	H. hieroglyphica^[58]
Skolithos	S. magnus^[58]
Taenidium	T. barretti^[58]
Torrowangea	T. rosei^[58]

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Plants of the Jinju Formation
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Cupressinocladus	C. sp.^[7]				The presence of this conifer indicates that a mixed type of the Tetori-Type and the Ryoseki-Type flora existed in this formation.
Ruffordia	R. sp.^[8]				Schizaeaceae ferns
Cladophlebis	C. sp.^[8]
Sphenopteris	S. sp.^[8]
Onychiopsis	O. elongata^[9]				leptosporangiate ferns
Brachyphyllum	B. japonicum^[9]

Spiders of the Jinju Formation^[4]
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Korearachne	K. jinju				likely to be a lycosoid
Koreamegops	K. samsiki				a lagonomegopid
Jinjumegops	J. dalingwateri				a lagonomegopid
Mygalomorphae	indeterminate
Araneomorphae	indeterminate
Palpimanoidea	indeterminate
"Cribellate Entelegynae"	"species 1" "species 2"

Cockroaches of the Jinju Formation^[10]
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Rhipidioblattina	R. sp. cf. R. radipinguis R?. sp. cf. R. jilinensis R. sp. A
Mesoblattina	M. sp. A M. sp. B M. sp. C M. sp. D
Samaroblatta	S. sp. cf. S. rhypha
Blattula	B. sp. cf. B. exetenuata B. sp. A
Mesoblattula	M. sp.
Indeterminate	A total of 13 indeterminate species

Beetles of the Jinju Formation
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Coptoclava^[11]	C. sp			Both nymph and adult fossils found	A member of the extinct family Coptoclavidae. Similar to C. longipoda, but assigned to a yet undescribed species since C. longipoda is usually considered to be a species complex.
Megalithomerus^[12]	M. magolhalmii				A member of Elateridae
Koreagrypnus^[12]	K. jinju				A member of Elateridae
Cretosaja^[13]	C. jinjuensis				A member of Silphidae
Notocupes^[14]	N. premeris				A member of Archostemata
Asiana^[15]	A. pax				A member of Archostemata
Brochocoleus^[15]	B. sacheonensis				A member of Ommatidae
Brochocoleus^[15]	B. cf. punctatus
Omma^[15]	O. sp.
Zygadenia^[15]	Z. cornigera

Flies of the Jinju Formation
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Buccinatormyia^[17]	B. gangnami				A member of the family Zhangsolvidae. Named after Gangnam Style, the famous K-Pop hit song

Jinju_Formation

Jinju Formation

Fossil content

Flora

Spiders

Insects

Blattodea

Coleoptera

Dermaptera

Diptera

Heteroptera

Hymenoptera

Odonata

Orthoptera

Raphidioptera

Neuroptera

Termites

Crustaceans

Isopoda

Ostracoda

Spinicaudata

Vertebrates

Actinopterygii

Archosauria

Mollusks

Bivalvia

Gastropoda

Ichnofossils

See also

References

Bibliography

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Jinju Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian ~112.4–106.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Shindong Group
Underlies	Chilgog Formation, Iljig Formation
Overlies	Hasandong Formation
Thickness	1,000–1,800 m (3,300–5,900 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Shale
Other	Sandstone
Location
Coordinates	35.1°N 128.1°E / 35.1; 128.1
Approximate paleocoordinates	44.3°N 122.7°E / 44.3; 122.7
Region	North Gyeongsang Province
Country	South Korea
Extent	Gyeongsang Basin(ko:경상 분지)
Jinju Formation (South Korea)

Reptiles of the Jinju Formation^[31]
Genus	Species	Region^[35]	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Crocodyliformes indet.		Goryeong		a right mandible
Titanosauriformes indet.^[36]		Sacheon		a tooth	Initially suggested to be of Asian Brachiosaurid by Lim, Martin and Baek (2001), but Barrett et al. (2002) and Choi & Lee (2017) considers it to be indeterminate titanosauriform.
Pterodactyloidea indet.		Goryeong		teeth	While suggested to be of Boreopterid origin by Choi & Lee (2017), Yun (2021) and Yun (2024) considers them to be Anhanguerian instead on the basis of the morphological disparity from Boreopteridae and the results of two-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses.^[37]^[38]

Ostracods of the Jinju Formation^[27]
Genus	Species	Region	Member	Material	Notes	Image
Scabriculocypris	S. yanbianensis	Jeongcheon
Cypridea	C. jinjuria C. khandae C. samesi^[28]	C. jinjuria in Gwanghyeon
Mongolocypris	M. kohi^[29]
Lycopterocypris	L. cf. celsa	Jeongcheon
Candona	C. sp.
Djungarica	D. sp.	Jeongcheon