The year 1816 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

• Botanic Gardens, Sydney, established in Australia.

• Veuve Clicquot invents the riddling table process to clarify champagne.

• John Farey notes the Farey sequence.^[1]

• René Laennec invents the stethoscope.^[2]
• Caleb Parry publishes An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature, Cause and Varieties of the Arterial Pulse, describing the mechanisms for the pulse.^[3]

• Johann Fischer von Waldheim publishes Essai sur la Turquoise et sur la Calaite in Moscow, the first scientific treatise on the mineral turquoise.

• Sir David Brewster (1781–1868) discovers stress birefringence.

• January 9 – Sir Humphry Davy's Davy lamp is first tested underground as a coal mining safety lamp at Hebburn Colliery in north east England.^[4]
• The Spider Bridge at Falls of Schuylkill, a temporary iron-wire footbridge erected across the Schuylkill River, north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the first wire-cable suspension bridge in history.^[5]
• Johann Nepomuk Maelzel begins production of the metronome with a scale.^[6]
• Rev. Robert Stirling obtains a patent in the United Kingdom for the Stirling hot air engine.
• approx. date – Simeon North in New England produces a practicable milling machine for working metal.^[7]

• Copley Medal: Not awarded^[8]

• January 2 – Anastasie Fătu, Moldavian and Romanian physician and naturalist (died 1886)
• July 7 – Rudolf Wolf, Swiss astronomer (died 1893)
• July 20 – Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet, English ophthalmologist, histologist and anatomist (died 1892)
• December 13 – Werner Siemens, German electrical engineer (died 1892)

• January 2 – Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, French chemist (born 1737)
• April 7 – Christian Konrad Sprengel, German botanist (born 1750)
• September 18 – Bernard McMahon, Irish American horticulturalist (born c. 1775)
• September 28 – Edward Howard, English chemist (born 1774)
• December 15 – Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope, English engineer (born 1753)