The year 1704 in music involved some significant events.

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• Johann Christoph Pepusch arrives in London.
• Following her husband's death, Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre begins hosting concerts in her home.
• Antonio Vivaldi becomes general superintendent of music at the Ospedale della Pietà, Venice.
• Johann Jacob Bach becomes an oboist in the army of King Charles XII of Sweden, inspiring Johann Sebastian to write a Capriccio on the Absence of His Most Beloved Brother.
• During a performance of Johann Mattheson's opera, Cleopatra, the composer almost kills his friend, Georg Frideric Handel, in a violent quarrel.

• Henricus Albicastro – [12] Concerti, Op.7
• Attilo Ariosti – La madre dei Maccabei
• Johann Sebastian Bach
  • Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich, BWV 150 (or 1707)
  • Toccata and Fugue D Minor BWV 565 (poss.)
  • Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder, BWV 742
  • Sonata in D major, BWV 963
  • Capriccio in B-flat major, BWV 992
• Antonio Caldara – Il trionfo dell'innocenza (Second edition)
• Louis-Nicolas Clérambault – Livre de pièces de clavecin
• François Couperin – 7 Versets du motet composé de l'ordre du roy, 1704
• William Croft – 6 Sonatas of Two Parts
• Michel Richard Delalande – Dominus regnavit, S.65
• George Frideric Handel – Oboe Concerto in G minor, HWV 287

• Reinhard Keiser – Der blutige und sterbende Jesus (by Christian Friedrich Hunold)
• Michele Mascitti – [12] Sonate, Op.1
• Jean-Baptiste Morin – Motets à une et deux voix, Livre I
• James Paisible – Musick perform'd before Her Majesty and the new King of Spain
• Alessandro Scarlatti
  • Perdono, Amor, perdono, H.554
  • S. Casimiro, re di Pononia
• Johann Schenck – 2 Sonatas for 2 Viols
• Giovanni Battista Tibaldi – 12 Trio Sonatas, Op.2

• Attilo Ariosti – I gloriosi presagi di Scipione Africano
• Giovanni Bononcini
  • Il fiore delle eroine
  • Il ritorno di Giulio Cesare
• Francesco Bartolomeo Conti – Alba Cornelia
• Johann Mattheson – Die unglückselige Cleopatra
• Carlo Francesco Pollarolo – Irene (revised by Domenico Scarlatti for performance at Naples).

• May 7 – Carl Heinrich Graun, composer and singer (died 1759)
• June 11 – Carlos Seixas, composer (died 1742)
• October 2 – František Tůma, organist and composer (died 1774)
• December 31 – Carl Gotthelf Gerlach, organist (died 1761)
• probable – Claude Parisot, organ builder (died 1784)

• February 7 – Lady Mary Dering, composer (born 1629)
• February 23 – Georg Muffat, composer (born 1653)
• February 24 – Marc-Antoine Charpentier, composer (born 1643)
• February 25 – Isabella Leonarda, composer of church music (born 1620)
• April – Georg Christoph Strattner, friend and colleague of Bach at Lüneburg (born c. 1644)
• May 3 – Heinrich Ignaz Biber, violinist and composer (born 1644)
• September 6 – Francesco Provenzale, composer (born 1624)
• November 2 – Johann Jakob Walther, violinist and composer (born 1650)
• November 16 – Chikka Devaraja, ruler of Mysore, composer and music theorist (born 1673)^[1]
• December 14
  • Selim I Giray, Crimean khan, also known as a poet and musician (born 1631)
  • Joseph-François Duché de Vancy, librettist (born 1668)