The year 1677 in music involved some significant events.

• September 10 – Henry Purcell is appointed a musician to the court of Charles II of England.
• Charles Davenant's "semi-opera" Circe, with music by composer John Banister, is performed in London by the Duke's Company in May.
• Nikolay Diletsky publishes Grammatika musikiyskago peniya (Грамматика музикийского пения, "A grammar of musical song").
• Fabian Stedman publishes Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing in England.

• Giovanni Battista Bassani – Balletti, Correnti, Gighe e Sarabande a due violini e basso continuo, Op.1
• Johann Melchior Gletle – Expeditionis musicae classis IV, Op.5
• Nicolas Lebègue – Pièces de Clavecin, Premier Livre
• Isabella Leonarda – Mottetti, Op.7.
• Stefano Pasino – Guida e consequenti dell'opera composta in canoni ... cioè Salmi a 4. voci C A T B..., Op. 7 (Venice: Giuseppe Sala)

• David Funck – Stricturæ viola-di gambicæ
• Jean-Baptiste Lully – Te Deum, first performed on September 9, for the baptism of Lully's son^[1]
• Georg Muffat – Violin Sonata in D major
• Alessandro Poglietti – Rossignolo
• Lucas Ruiz de Ribayaz – Luz y Norte

• Carlo Grossi – La Giocasta, regina d'Armenia
• Jean-Baptiste Lully – Isis

• February 2 – Jean-Baptiste Morin, composer (died 1745)
• February 4 – Johann Ludwig Bach, violinist and composer, second cousin of Johann Sebastian Bach (died 1731)
• February 26 – Nicola Fago, composer and music teacher (died 1745)
• June 18 – Antonio Maria Bononcini, cellist and composer, brother of Giovanni Bononcini (died 1726)
• September 27 – Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari, composer (died 1754)
• date unknown – Christian Petzold, organist and composer (died c.1733)

• March – Robert Cambert, opera composer (born c.1628)
• August – Matthew Locke, composer (born 1621)
• November 11 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (born 1619)
• date unknown – Robert Cambert, composer of opera (born 1628)