Yi Pyong-do^[1] (Korean: 이병도; April 28, 1896 – August 14, 1989) was a Korean historian.

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Yi Pyong-do
Yi Pyong-do in 1955
Minister of Education
In office April 28, 1960 – August 22, 1960
Preceded by	Choi Jae-yoo
Succeeded by	O Ch'ŏn-sŏk
Personal details
Born	(1896-04-28)April 28, 1896 Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon
Died	August 14, 1989(1989-08-14) (aged 93) Seoul, South Korea
Spouse	Jo Nam-suk
Children	9
Occupation	Historian
Korean name
Hangul	이병도
Hanja	李丙燾
Revised Romanization	I Byeong-do
McCune–Reischauer	Yi Pyŏngdo
Art name
Hangul	두계
Hanja	斗溪
Revised Romanization	Dugye
McCune–Reischauer	Tugye

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He started working in Korean History Compilation Committee in 1927. In 1934 he founded Jindan Institute. From 1945 to 1962 he was Professor of Seoul Nation University. From 1955 to 1982 he was Committee of Korean Nation History Editor. In April 1960, he became the Minister of Education, but later resigned in August of that year.^[2]

After the South Korean liberation from the Japan, there was a drive on the part of Korean historians to present a new history of Korea and it was called Han-guksa sillon. Yi Pyong-do was part of this initiative, which was viewed as new in name only because it inherited the colonialist racial perspective inherited from the Japanese scholarship.^[3]

Korean historians such as Cho Yun-jae, Son Chin-tae, and Yi In-yong, among other Chindan hakhoe historians followed another direction in their scholarship, which they also labeled "new" - the new nationalist historiography or sin-minjokjuui yoksahak.^[4] This group, specifically, excluded Yi Pyong-do due to his association with the colonial government, particularly the Chosenshi henshukai, which was generally viewed as an instrument used to distort Korean history by suppressing or delegitimizing important texts such as the Samguk yusa.^[4] Some sources, however, point out that the charge could be political because the purge of collaborators became part of the post-liberation Korean politics.^[4]

Yi Pyong-do, himself, addressed the controversy by stressing that he worked for the Chosenshi henshukai to prevent a Japanese distortion of Korean history, a position that echoed the same argument adopted by other historians identified with the Japanese colonial government.^[4]