Western_Oregon_Indian_Termination_Act

Western Oregon Indian Termination Act

Western Oregon Indian Termination Act

Add article description

The Western Oregon Indian Termination Act or Public Law 588, was passed in August 1954 as part of the United States Indian termination policy. It called for the termination of federal supervision over the trust and restricted property of numerous Native American bands and small tribes, all located west of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon.[1] The act also called for disposition of federally owned property which had been bought for the administration of Indian affairs, and for termination of federal services which these Indians received under federal recognition.[1] The stipulations in this act were similar to those of most termination acts.

Tribes and bands

The Western Oregon Indian Termination Act was unique because of the number of tribes it affected. In all, 61 tribes in Western Oregon were terminated, more than the total tribes terminated under all other individual acts.[1] However, it appears that authorities named every tribe that had been named in various treaties over the years. A review of the 1890[2] and 1930 censuses shows that several of the named tribes in the termination act reported no members.[3] In addition, the history of the area, with the Coastal Reservation being established by Executive Order and not treaty, then separated into the Siletz and Grande Ronde Reservations, then those two reservations being combined, and yet again separated, makes the situation complicated and difficult to ascertain specific data.[4]

The 1930 census report notes that there were people who reported that they were Indian but did not denote a tribe in almost every state. In addition, it combines groups into language stock and tribes; however, "tribe" may reflect all speakers rather than separate bands and tribes. The total number of Indians affiliated with the language groups were as follows:

The totals in Oregon for 1930 were 1,564. In comparison, the numbers for the 1910 census for these same groups represented a population of 2,304.[3] On June 22, 1956, the final roll of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz contained 929 names.[5] On April 14, 1956, the Federal Register published the final roll of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde which contained 862 names.[6] The combined total of these two confederations' population was 1,791, though there may well have been scattered native peoples in the coastal region who were not affiliated with these reservations.

Restoration acts

There were five restoration acts that restored all of the bands who had tribe members that had been located on the Grand Ronde or Silez Reservations. Some of these tribes were restored with those acts and later obtained their own federal recognition.

The Chinook Indian Nation is made up of the five westernmost Tribes of Chinookan peoples, Lower Chinook, Willapa and Wahkiakum in Washington State plus Clatsop and Cathlamet in Oregon. The Chinook Nation is seeking Tribal recognition.[7]

More information As Listed on Treaty, Tribal entity ...

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Public Law 588, August 13, 1954. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Vol. VI (Washington: Government Printing Office), p. 641
  2. [2]
    "Decennial" (PDF). www2.census.gov. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  3. [3]
    Truesdell, Leon Edgar, ed. (1937). "The Indian Population of the United States and Alaska, 1930, Volume 2". United States Bureau of the Census. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  4. [4]
    "Lewis_Daivd_Gene" (PDF). scholarsbank.uoregon.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  5. [5]
    "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2014-12-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. [6]
    Lewis, David Gene (2009). Termination of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon: Politics, Community, Identity. University of Oregon. ISBN 9781109119725. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  7. [7]
    "Chinook Indian Nation - Cathlamet • Clatsop • Lower Chinook • Wahkaikum • Willapa". Archived from the original on 2019-08-05. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  8. [8]
    "Siletz Indian Tribe History, Tillamook Oregon, Multnomah County Oregon, Salishan – Part I – Introduction".
  9. [9]
    Truesdell, Leon Edgar, ed. (1937). "The Indian Population of the United States and Alaska, 1930, Volume 2". United States Bureau of the Census. U.S. Government Printing Office: 52. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  10. [10]
    "Nagpra Notices of Intent to Repatriate: Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Horner Collection, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR".
  11. [11]
    "Federal Register :: Final Determination to Acknowledge the Chinook Indian Tribe/Chinook Nation (Formerly: Chinook Indian Tribe, Inc.)". Archived from the original on 2019-08-05. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  12. [12]
    "Federal Register :: Reconsidered Final Determination to Decline to Acknowledge the Chinook Indian Tribe/Chinook Nation". Archived from the original on 2019-08-05. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  13. [13]
    "Clatskanie Indians". Access Genealogy. 4 July 2012.
  14. [14]
    "Chinook tribe pushes for recognition, again". OregonLive.com. 28 November 2012.
  15. [15]
    "25 U.S. Code Chapter 14, Subchapter XXX–C – CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE GRAND RONDE COMMUNITY OF OREGON".
  16. [16]
    "Indian Issues: BLM's Program for Issuing Individual Indian Allotments on Public Lands Is No Longer Viable".
  17. [17]
    "25 U.S. Code Chapter 14, Subchapter XXX–A – Siletz Indian Tribe: Restoration of Federal Supervision".
  18. [18]
    "25 U.S. Code Chapter 14, Subchapter XXX–D – Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians: Restoration of Federal Supervision".
  19. [19]
    "Oregon Blue Book: Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians".
  20. [20]
    "25 U.S. Code Chapter 14, Subchapter XXX–B – Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Oregon".
  21. [21]
    "Oregon History Project". Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2014-12-27.
  22. [22]
    Truesdell, Leon Edgar, ed. (1937). "The Indian Population of the United States and Alaska, 1930, Volume 2". United States Bureau of the Census. U.S. Government Printing Office: 43. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  23. [23]
    Van Laere, M. Susan (2000). "The Grizzly Bear and the Deer: The History of Federal Indian Policy and Its Impact on the Coast Reservation Tribes of Oregon, 1856–1877" (PDF). pp. 60, 215. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  24. [24]
    "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-12-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. [25]
    "25 U.S. Code Chapter 14, Subchapter XXX–E – Coquille Indian Tribe of Oregon: Restoration of Federal Supervision".
  26. [26]
    "INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties". Archived from the original on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-12-27.
  27. [27]
    "National Museum of the American Indian : Search Results".
  28. [28]
    Santoro, Nicholas J. (2009). Atlas of the Indian Tribes of the Continental United States and the Clash of Cultures. iUniverse. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-4401-0795-5. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  29. [29]
    Erlandson, Laura Dahlin. "' 'Two Little Girls' '" (PDF) (August 1948 ed.). Siuslaw Pioneer. p. 2. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  30. [30]
    Van Laere, M. Susan (2000). "The Grizzly Bear and the Deer: The History of Federal Indian Policy and Its Impact on the Coast Reservation Tribes of Oregon, 1856–1877" (PDF). p. 60. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
  31. [31]
    "Siletz Reservation". Access Genealogy. 9 July 2011.
  32. [32]
    Sturtevant, William C., ed. (1990). Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest coast. Smithsonian Institution. p. 370. ISBN 9780160203909. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Western_Oregon_Indian_Termination_Act, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.