Upernavik Archipelago is a vast coastal archipelago in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, off the shores of northeastern Baffin Bay. The archipelago extends from the northwestern coast of Sigguup Nunaa peninsula in the south at approximately 71°50′N 56°00′W^[1] to the southern end of Melville Bay (Greenlandic: Qimusseriarsuaq) in the north at approximately 74°50′N 57°30′W.^[2]

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Upernavik Archipelago

Upernavik Archipelago
Geography
Location	Baffin Bay, Greenland
Coordinates	73°20′N 56°10′W
Archipelago	Upernavik Archipelago
Major islands	Nutaarmiut, Maniitsoq, Qeqertaq
Length	350 km (217 mi)
Width	55 km (34.2 mi)
Administration
Greenland
Municipality	Avannaata
Demographics
Population	(see below)

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The archipelago belongs to the earliest-settled areas of Greenland, the first migrants arriving approximately 2,000 BCE.^[3] All southbound migrations of the Inuit passed through the area, leaving behind a trail of archeological sites.^[4] The early Saqqaq culture diminished in importance around 1,000 BCE, followed by the migrants of Dorset culture, who spread alongside the coast of Baffin Bay,^[3] being in turn displaced by the Thule people in the 13th and 14th centuries. The area has been continuously inhabited since then.

Today the Upernavik Archipelago is sparsely populated, despite the relatively high number of settlements scattered across its entire length. All but one of these settlements are located on the islands.^[5] Upernavik town is the largest settlement with 1,129 inhabitants as of 2010, formally founded in 1772^[4] by the Danes during the colonization era.

The coastline of Greenland is deeply indented in this region, markedly different from that of the Nuussuaq Basin^[6] of Uummannaq Fjord and Nuussuaq Peninsula. In the northern part of the archipelago, the coastal mountains disappear altogether, with the Greenland ice sheet (Greenlandic: Sermersuaq) reaching the sea level across nearly the entire length of the perennially frozen Melville Bay.^[1]

Fishing is the mainstay of the area,^[3] although the more northern settlements still rely on traditional hunting of fur seals, walruses, and whales to supplement the family economy. In that, the northern region is culturally linked with the far north of Greenland, the Qaanaaq region.

Outside of Upernavik town, the average level of income is amongst the lowest in Greenland. Four of the settlements in the archipelago (Naajaat, Nuussuaq, Kullorsuaq, and Upernavik Kujalleq) are listed in the top 10 poorest within Greenland.^[7]