Tuao, officially the Municipality of Tuao (Ibanag: Ili nat Tuao; Ilocano: Ili ti Tuao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tuao), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,970 people.^[3]

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Tuao
Municipality
Municipality of Tuao
Flag Seal
Map of Cagayan with Tuao highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Tuao Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°44′06″N 121°27′19″E
Country	Philippines
Region	Cagayan Valley
Province	Cagayan
District	3rd district
Founded	1851
Barangays	32 (see Barangays)
Government  [1]
• Type	Sangguniang Bayan
• Mayor	William N. Mamba
• Vice Mayor	Atty. Francisco N. Mamba Jr.
• Representative	Joseph L. Lara
• Municipal Council	Members Leonard M. Beltran Guillermo A. Sumigad Jr. Mayonito R. Fernandez Martin M. Soriano Jose Pocholo C. Baligod Nicanor A. Turingan Jr. Arthur G. Taguiam Nestor Yap
• Electorate	38,816 voters (2022)
Area [2]
• Total	215.50 km2 (83.21 sq mi)
Elevation	67 m (220 ft)
Highest elevation	347 m (1,138 ft)
Lowest elevation	22 m (72 ft)
Population  (2020 census)[3]
• Total	63,970
• Density	300/km2 (770/sq mi)
• Households	14,785
Economy
• Income class	1st municipal income class
• Poverty incidence	11.75 % (2018)[4]
• Revenue	₱ 287.4 million (2020)
• Assets	₱ 623.4 million (2020)
• Expenditure	₱ 190.8 million (2020)
• Liabilities	₱ 101 million (2020)
Service provider
• Electricity	Cagayan 1 Electric Cooperative (CAGELCO 1)
Time zone	UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code	3528
PSGC	021528000
IDD : area code	+63 (0)78
Native languages	Ibanag Ilocano Itawis Tagalog

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Tuao is 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Tuguegarao and 525 kilometres (326 mi) from Manila.

When the early Spanish missionaries were busy laying the foundation of a church late in the 16th century at a site about six kilometers from the present town of Tuao, a big bird came circling over them and then alighted on the wooden cross erected to mark the place where the cornerstone was laid. It flapped its wings noisily, cried "battuao, battuao, battuao" and then flew away.

When the civil authorities founded the town in 1604, the natives insisted that it be called Tuao. Eight years later on May 13, 1612, Tuao was accepted ecclesiastically. Father Miguel de San Jacinto, O.P. gave the town Santos Angeles Custudios (Holy Guardian Angels) as its patron saints.

The early missionaries in Tuao were zealous evangelists and tactful pacifiers of warlike natives. One of them was Father Francisco Capillas, who later became the first martyr in China. The first parish priest, Father Juan B. Cano, O.P. worked patiently with the people. Another missionary, Father Gabriel Serrano, O.P. built a strong brick and mortar church, a rectory (convento) and a fort (cotta) in which the Spaniards and the natives sought refuge every time the town was raided by the Kalingas from the Cordillera ranges. These landmarks were destroyed by a strong earthquake on December 29, 1949.

In protest of abuses committed by Spanish civil officials and soldiers, the inhabitants of Tuao and neighboring Malaueg, rose in revolt in 1718 under Luis Magtangaga and Tomas Sinaguingan. The uprising was put down by Capitan Juan Pablo de Orduna.^[5]

During World War II, Tuao was the seat of the provincial resistance government of Governor Marcelo Adduru. The Japanese Forces garrisoned the town when Adduru was captured late in 1943, but Adduru returned shortly after having been freed by the guerillas early in 1944. Donald Blackburn, "assisted by his intelligence officer Lt. Mariano D. Manawis, from the prominent Daquial family who served in the 11th Infantry;";^{[6]: 112–113} staged from Tuao, his guerrilla headquarters, attacks against the Japanese in Tuguegarao.^{[7]: 299–302}

In the 2020 census, the population of Tuao was 63,970 people,^[3] with a density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 780 inhabitants per square mile.

Poverty Incidence of Tuao

The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system.^[22] The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region.^[23] The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout the municipality.