Tuanshan
Tuanshan
Traditional Chinese rigid fan, typically circular
Tuanshan (Chinese: 團扇; pinyin: tuánshàn; lit. 'circular fan'), also called gongshan (lit. 'palace fan'),[1] bian mian (pien mien),[2]: 203, 206 fan of reunion, are typically silk rigid hand fan which originated in China; they are typically circular or oval in shape.[3][4]: 5 [2]: 206 Up to the Song dynasty, the tuanshan appears to have the most common types of the fans in China.[3] These types of fans were mostly used by women in the Tang dynasty.[5] Tuanshan with Chinese paintings and with calligraphy became very popular by the Song dynasty[4]: 8, 12–16 among court circles and artists[1] and even continued to be in use even by the end of the 19th century.[2]: 206 The tuanshan was also used as part of the traditional Chinese wedding and was part of the ceremonial wedding rite.[6] They continue to be produced and sold in present-day China and has become a common form of accessory in Hanfu.[7]
The tuanshan was also introduced in other countries, such as Japan.[5] The tuanshan also remained mainstream in China even after the growing popularity of the folding fans which originated in Japan.[4]: 8, 12–16