Template:Infobox_thorium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Th} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of thorium

Thorium, ₉₀Th
Thorium
Pronunciation	/ˈθɔːriəm/ (THOR-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Th)
	232.0377±0.0004; 232.04±0.01 (abridged);
Thorium in the periodic table
	actinium ← thorium → protactinium
Atomic number (Z)	90
Group	f-block groups (no number)
Period	period 7
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2023 K (1750 °C, 3182 °F)
Boiling point	5061 K (4788 °C, 8650 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	11.725 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.81 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	514 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.230 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.3
Ionization energies	1st: 587 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 1930 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 179.8 pm
Covalent radius	206±6 pm
	Spectral lines of thorium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant	a = 508.45 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11.54×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	54.0 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	157 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	132.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	79 GPa
Shear modulus	31 GPa
Bulk modulus	54 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2490 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.27
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	295–685 MPa
Brinell hardness	390–1500 MPa
CAS Number	7440-29-1
History
Naming	after Thor, the Norse god of thunder
Discovery	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829)
Isotopes of thorium v; e;
	Category: Thorium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Template:Infobox thorium

Quick Facts Thorium, Pronunciation ...

More information Th · Thorium ...

Quick Facts Main isotopes of thorium, Main isotopes ...

More information Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} ...

References

[1]
"Standard Atomic Weights: Thorium". CIAAW. 2013.
[2]
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
[3]
Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
[4]
Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.
[5]
Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–135. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.
[6]
Weast, R. (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
[7]
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
[8]
Varga, Z.; Nicholl, A.; Mayer, K. (2014). "Determination of the ²²⁹Th half-life". Physical Review C. 89 (6): 064310. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064310.

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ionization energy ref

Parameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):

ionization energy comment

Numbered values make a list:

ionization energy
ionization energy 2
ionization energy 3

More information Parameter list ...

Parameter list

This parameter list:

See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo.

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{{[[Template:Infobox element|Infobox element]]}}; labels & notes:
 
(Image)
 
 
 
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
[[Chemical symbol|Symbol]]
Pronunciation (data central)
 
Alternative name(s)
 
[[Allotropy|Allotropes]]
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
[[Periodic table]]
 
 
 
[[Atomic number]]
[[Atomic weight|Standard atomic weight]] (data central)
 
[[Names for sets of chemical elements|Element category]] (also header bg color)
 
 
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
[[Group (periodic table)|Group]]
 
 
[[Period (periodic table)|Period]]
 
 
[[Block (periodic table)|Block]]
 
 
[[Electron configuration]]
 
 
Electrons per shell
 
 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
[[Phase (matter)|Phase]]
 
 
[[Melting point]]
 
 
 
 
[[Boiling point]]
 
 
 
 
[[Sublimation point]]
 
 
 
 
[[Density]] [g/L at s.t.p.]
 
 
[[Density]] [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
 
 
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
 
 
 [g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
 
 
 [g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
 
 
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
 
 
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
 
 
[[Molar volume]]
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
 otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
 
[[Triple point]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Critical point (thermodynamics)|Critical point]]
 
 
 
[[Enthalpy of fusion|Heat of fusion]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of vaporization]]
 
 
[[Molar heat capacity]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Vapor pressure]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vapor pressure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ATOMIC PROPERTIES

[[Electronegativity]]
 
 
[[Ionization energy]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Atomic radius]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Covalent radius]]
 
 
[[Van der Waals radius]]
 
 
MISCELLANEA
[[Crystal structure]]
 
 
 
Crystal structure
 
 
 
[[Speed of sound]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Coefficient of thermal expansion|Thermal expansion]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Thermal conductivity]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Thermal diffusivity]]
 
 
[[Electrical resistivity and conductivity|Electrical resistivity]]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Band gap]]
 
 
[[Curie temperature|Curie point]]
 
 
[[Magnetism|Magnetic ordering]]
 
 
[[Ultimate tensile strength|Tensile strength]]
 
 
[[Young's modulus]]
 
 
[[Shear modulus]]
 
 
[[Bulk modulus]]
 
 
[[Poisson's ratio|Poisson ratio]]
 
 
[[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Mohs hardness]]
 
 
 
 
 
[[Vickers hardness test|Vickers hardness]]
 
 
[[Brinell hardness test|Brinell hardness]]
 
 
[[CAS registry number|CAS Number]]
 
 
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
 
()
[[Timeline of chemical element discoveries|Discovery]]
 
()
First isolation
 
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
 
()
 
(History comment)
 
([[WP:ENGVAR|wp:engvar]])

Theoretical elements handling (E119)

As of 1 Jan 2023^[update], elements E119 and higher are not discovered. These are called theoretical elements. They can have article and other content pages though. Incidentally, this concerns period 8 completely. For the Infobox <element>, their redirected pages do not count (are treated as: "R page does not exist").

Possible situations regarding articles & discovery, are:

"E118": E1–E118, discovered, existing full set, mentioned here for easy reference
"E119": E119, E120
"E121": E121, E122, E124, E126
"E127, E185": E123, E125, E127 ... Unbitrium Redirect: no article, no other content pages.

Creation of pages is governed by MOS:NONEWELEMENTS. This infobox must distinguish between three typical (exemplary) elements: E118 (regular element), E119 and E121.

Handling of these element infoboxes is hardcoded in the meta-infobox, set by |number= (Z).

Theoretical element: above-header shows

Theoretical element

Applied: when element is theoretical (E119 and higher).

No article "Isotopes of <element>": Header does not link

E119: Main isotopes of ununennium

E121: Main isotopes of unbiunium

Applied: E119, E120 do link, E121 and higher do not link.

No isotopes known, Isobox does not exist: local input, per Infobox. For example:

Transclusion of the isobox is suppressed (no redlink),

E119: |theoretical isotopes comment=Experiments and theoretical calculations

Applied: E119 and up: have no Isobox, so no isotopes lists is shown—at all. Instead, the parametertext is shown as present.

More information Element, Content page ...

v t e Theoretical elements & period 8: Existing pages overview (conforms MOS as of 4 Jan 2023^[update])
Element			Content page					Notes
per	E	disc./ theor.	Page	Name	T: Infobox (E)	Isotopes of (E)	T: Isobox (E)	Page set pattern (4 Jan 2023)	note

⑦	E118 (Og)	disc.	Article	Oganesson, cat:E118 (3)	{{IB oganesson}}	Isotopes of oganesson, cat:Isotopes E118 (5)	{{Isobox oganesson}}	E118^{[Set 1]}	compare

⑧	E119 (Uue)	theor.	Article	Ununennium, cat:E119 (4)	{{IB ununennium}}	Isotopes of ununennium, cat:Isotopes E119 (1)	{{Isobox E119}}	E119^{[Set 2]}	period 8 start
⑧	E120 (Ubn)	theor.	Article	Unbinilium, cat:E120 (4)	{{IB unbinilium}}	Isotopes of unbinilium, cat:Isotopes E120 (1)	{{Isobox E120}}	E119^{[Set 2]}
⑧	E121 (Ubu)	theor.	Article	Unbiunium, cat:E121 (3)	{{IB unbiunium}}	Isotopes of unbiunium R, cat:Isotopes E121 (0)	{{Isobox E121}}	E121^{[Set 3]}
⑧	E122 (Ubb)	theor.	Article	Unbibium, cat:E122 (3)	{{IB unbibium}}	Isotopes of unbibium R, cat:Isotopes E122 (0)	{{Isobox E122}}	E121^{[Set 3]}
⑧	E123 (Ubt)	theor.	R	Unbitrium R, cat:E123 (0)	{{Infobox E123}}	Isotopes of E123, cat:Isotopes E123 (0)	{{Isobox E123}}	E127^{[Set 4]}
⑧	E124 (Ubq)	theor.	Article	Unbiquadium, cat:E124 (4)	{{IB unbiquadium}}	Isotopes of unbiquadium R, cat:Isotopes E124 (0)	{{Isobox E124}}	E121^{[Set 3]}
⑧	E125 (Ubp)	theor.	R	Unbipentium R, cat:E125 (0)	{{Infobox E125}}	Isotopes of E125, cat:Isotopes E125 (0)	{{Isobox E125}}	E127^{[Set 4]}
⑧	E126 (Ubh)	theor.	Article	Unbihexium, cat:E126 (3)	{{IB unbihexium}}	Isotopes of unbihexium R, cat:Isotopes E126 (0)	{{Isobox E126}}	E121^{[Set 3]}
⑧	E127 (Ubs)	theor.	R	Unbiseptium R, cat:E127 (0)	{{Infobox E127}}	Isotopes of E127, cat:Isotopes E127 (0)	{{Isobox E127}}	E127^{[Set 4]}
⑧	E128 (Ubo)	theor.	R	Unbioctium R, cat:E128 (0)	{{Infobox E128}}	Isotopes of E128, cat:Isotopes E128 (0)	{{Isobox E128}}	E127^{[Set 4]}
⑧	E172 (Usb)	theor.	R	Unseptbium R, cat:E172 (0)	{{Infobox E172}}	Isotopes of E172, cat:Isotopes E172 (0)	{{Isobox E172}}	E127^{[Set 4]}	End of period 8 ("NG")
⑧ ⑨	E127–E184		R					E127^{[Set 4]}	E127–E184 = 58 elements
⑨	E184 (Uoq)	theor.	R	Unoctquadium R, cat:E184 (0)	{{Infobox E184}}	Isotopes of E184, cat:Isotopes E184 (0)	{{Isobox E184}}	E127^{[Set 4]}
⑨	E185 (Uop)	theor.	R	Unoctpentium R, cat:E185 (0)	{{Infobox E185}}	Isotopes of E185, cat:Isotopes E185 (0)	{{Isobox E185}}	E185^{[Set 5]}
				cat:Elements (124)	cat:IB (E) (124) meta:{{IB element}}	cat:List of isotopes (E) (122)	cat:Isobox (E) (119) meta:{{Isobox (E)}}
Sets of existing pages, by exemplary element: [S 1] E118 (Oganesson): Article, Infobox, Isotopes article, Isobox, eponymous category, isotopes categories (complete set, six pages). Discovered element, for reference. [S 2] E119 (Ununennium): Article, Infobox, eponymous category, Isotopes article (but no big "§ List of isotopes" table). No Isobox. [S 3] E121 (Unbiunium): Article, Infobox, eponymous category. [S 4] E127 (Unbiseptium): R-article only, on systematical name. [S 5] E185 (Unoctpentium): No article, no redirect. As of 4 Jan 2023^[update], conforms MOS:no new elements (no idle pages created; redirects for element names only)
Uue–Uoq (E119–E184) each have an article page by their systematic name. That is 66 article page. Six of these are content pages (articles), and 58 are a redirect. R: Redirects are non-content pages. Treated as non-existant page. E172 would be the end of period 8 ("noble gas") and E173 would be the beginning of period 9. {{Index by periodic table}} · Category:Hypothetical chemical elements (80)

TemplateData

More information TemplateData documentation used by VisualEditor and other tools, Parameter ...

TemplateData documentation used by VisualEditor and other tools

See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Infobox thorium in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Infobox thorium

No description.

Template parameters
Parameter		Description	Type	Status
symbol	`symbol`	no description	Unknown	optional
number	`number`	no description	Unknown	optional
name	`name`	no description	Unknown	optional
image name	`image name`	no description	Unknown	optional
image upright	`image upright`	no description	Unknown	optional
proposed name	`proposed name`	no description	Unknown	optional
alt names	`alt names`	no description	Unknown	optional
alt name	`alt name`	no description	Unknown	optional
appearance	`appearance`	no description	Unknown	optional
standard atomic weight ref	`standard atomic weight ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
mass number comment	`mass number comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
abundance	`abundance`	no description	Unknown	optional
abundance in earth's crust	`abundance in earth's crust`	no description	Unknown	optional
abundance in oceans	`abundance in oceans`	no description	Unknown	optional
abundance in solar system	`abundance in solar system`	no description	Unknown	optional
above	`above`	no description	Unknown	optional
below	`below`	no description	Unknown	optional
left	`left`	no description	Unknown	optional
right	`right`	no description	Unknown	optional
group ref	`group ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
group comment	`group comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
period ref	`period ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
period comment	`period comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
block ref	`block ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
block comment	`block comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
electron configuration comment	`electron configuration comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrons per shell	`electrons per shell`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrons per shell ref	`electrons per shell ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrons per shell comment	`electrons per shell comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
physical properties comment	`physical properties comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
physical properties	`physical properties`	no description	Unknown	optional
engvar	`engvar`	no description	Unknown	optional
color	`color`	no description	Unknown	optional
phase	`phase`	no description	Unknown	optional
phase comment	`phase comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point K	`melting point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point prefix	`melting point prefix`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point C	`melting point C`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point F	`melting point F`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point ref	`melting point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
melting point comment	`melting point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point K	`boiling point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point prefix	`boiling point prefix`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point C	`boiling point C`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point F	`boiling point F`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point ref	`boiling point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
boiling point comment	`boiling point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
sublimation point K	`sublimation point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
sublimation point C	`sublimation point C`	no description	Unknown	optional
sublimation point F	`sublimation point F`	no description	Unknown	optional
sublimation point ref	`sublimation point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
sublimation point comment	`sublimation point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gplstp	`density gplstp`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gplstp ref	`density gplstp ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gplstp comment	`density gplstp comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt	`density gpcm3nrt`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt ref	`density gpcm3nrt ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt comment	`density gpcm3nrt comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 2	`density gpcm3nrt 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 2 ref	`density gpcm3nrt 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 2 comment	`density gpcm3nrt 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 3	`density gpcm3nrt 3`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 3 ref	`density gpcm3nrt 3 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3nrt 3 comment	`density gpcm3nrt 3 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3mp	`density gpcm3mp`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3mp ref	`density gpcm3mp ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3mp comment	`density gpcm3mp comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3bp	`density gpcm3bp`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3bp ref	`density gpcm3bp ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
density gpcm3bp comment	`density gpcm3bp comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
molar volume	`molar volume`	no description	Unknown	optional
molar volume unit	`molar volume unit`	no description	Unknown	optional
molar volume ref	`molar volume ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
molar volume comment	`molar volume comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point K	`triple point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point kPa	`triple point kPa`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point ref	`triple point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point comment	`triple point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point K 2	`triple point K 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point kPa 2	`triple point kPa 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point 2 ref	`triple point 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
triple point 2 comment	`triple point 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
critical point K	`critical point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
critical point MPa	`critical point MPa`	no description	Unknown	optional
critical point ref	`critical point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
critical point comment	`critical point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion	`heat fusion`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion ref	`heat fusion ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion comment	`heat fusion comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion 2	`heat fusion 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion 2 ref	`heat fusion 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat fusion 2 comment	`heat fusion 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat vaporization	`heat vaporization`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat vaporization ref	`heat vaporization ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat vaporization comment	`heat vaporization comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity	`heat capacity`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity ref	`heat capacity ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity comment	`heat capacity comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity 2	`heat capacity 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity 2 ref	`heat capacity 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
heat capacity 2 comment	`heat capacity 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 1	`vapor pressure 1`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 100 k	`vapor pressure 100 k`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure ref	`vapor pressure ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure comment	`vapor pressure comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 10	`vapor pressure 10`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 100	`vapor pressure 100`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 1 k	`vapor pressure 1 k`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 10 k	`vapor pressure 10 k`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 1 2	`vapor pressure 1 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 100 k 2	`vapor pressure 100 k 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 2 ref	`vapor pressure 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 2 comment	`vapor pressure 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 10 2	`vapor pressure 10 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 100 2	`vapor pressure 100 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 1 k 2	`vapor pressure 1 k 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
vapor pressure 10 k 2	`vapor pressure 10 k 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic properties comment	`atomic properties comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic properties	`atomic properties`	no description	Unknown	optional
electronegativity	`electronegativity`	no description	Unknown	optional
electronegativity ref	`electronegativity ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
electronegativity comment	`electronegativity comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 1	`ionization energy 1`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 1 ref	`ionization energy 1 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 1 comment	`ionization energy 1 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 2	`ionization energy 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 2 ref	`ionization energy 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 2 comment	`ionization energy 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 3	`ionization energy 3`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 3 ref	`ionization energy 3 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy 3 comment	`ionization energy 3 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
number of ionization energies	`number of ionization energies`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy ref	`ionization energy ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
ionization energy comment	`ionization energy comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius	`atomic radius`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius ref	`atomic radius ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius comment	`atomic radius comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius calculated	`atomic radius calculated`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius calculated ref	`atomic radius calculated ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
atomic radius calculated comment	`atomic radius calculated comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
covalent radius	`covalent radius`	no description	Unknown	optional
covalent radius ref	`covalent radius ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
covalent radius comment	`covalent radius comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Van der Waals radius	`Van der Waals radius`	no description	Unknown	optional
Van der Waals radius ref	`Van der Waals radius ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Van der Waals radius comment	`Van der Waals radius comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure prefix	`crystal structure prefix`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure	`crystal structure`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure comment	`crystal structure comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure ref	`crystal structure ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
lattice constant	`lattice constant`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure 2 prefix	`crystal structure 2 prefix`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure 2	`crystal structure 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure 2 comment	`crystal structure 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure 2 ref	`crystal structure 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
lattice constant 2	`lattice constant 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound	`speed of sound`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound ref	`speed of sound ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound comment	`speed of sound comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at 20	`speed of sound rod at 20`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at 20 ref	`speed of sound rod at 20 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at 20 comment	`speed of sound rod at 20 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at r.t.	`speed of sound rod at r.t.`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at r.t. ref	`speed of sound rod at r.t. ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
speed of sound rod at r.t. comment	`speed of sound rod at r.t. comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion	`thermal expansion`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion ref	`thermal expansion ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion comment	`thermal expansion comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion at 25	`thermal expansion at 25`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion at 25 ref	`thermal expansion at 25 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal expansion at 25 comment	`thermal expansion at 25 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity	`thermal conductivity`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity ref	`thermal conductivity ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity comment	`thermal conductivity comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity 2	`thermal conductivity 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity 2 ref	`thermal conductivity 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal conductivity 2 comment	`thermal conductivity 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal diffusivity	`thermal diffusivity`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal diffusivity ref	`thermal diffusivity ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
thermal diffusivity comment	`thermal diffusivity comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity	`electrical resistivity`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity unit prefix	`electrical resistivity unit prefix`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity ref	`electrical resistivity ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity comment	`electrical resistivity comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 0	`electrical resistivity at 0`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 0 ref	`electrical resistivity at 0 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 0 comment	`electrical resistivity at 0 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 20	`electrical resistivity at 20`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 20 ref	`electrical resistivity at 20 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
electrical resistivity at 20 comment	`electrical resistivity at 20 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
band gap	`band gap`	no description	Unknown	optional
band gap ref	`band gap ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
band gap comment	`band gap comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Curie point K	`Curie point K`	no description	Unknown	optional
Curie point ref	`Curie point ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Curie point comment	`Curie point comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnetic ordering	`magnetic ordering`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnetic ordering ref	`magnetic ordering ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnetic ordering comment	`magnetic ordering comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnetic susceptibility	`magnetic susceptibility`	no description	Unknown	optional
magnetic susceptibility ref	`magnetic susceptibility ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
tensile strength	`tensile strength`	no description	Unknown	optional
tensile strength ref	`tensile strength ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
tensile strength comment	`tensile strength comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Young's modulus	`Young's modulus`	no description	Unknown	optional
Young's modulus ref	`Young's modulus ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Young's modulus comment	`Young's modulus comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Shear modulus	`Shear modulus`	no description	Unknown	optional
Shear modulus ref	`Shear modulus ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Shear modulus comment	`Shear modulus comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Bulk modulus	`Bulk modulus`	no description	Unknown	optional
Bulk modulus ref	`Bulk modulus ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Bulk modulus comment	`Bulk modulus comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Poisson ratio	`Poisson ratio`	no description	Unknown	optional
Poisson ratio ref	`Poisson ratio ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Poisson ratio comment	`Poisson ratio comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness	`Mohs hardness`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness ref	`Mohs hardness ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness comment	`Mohs hardness comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness 2	`Mohs hardness 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness 2 ref	`Mohs hardness 2 ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Mohs hardness 2 comment	`Mohs hardness 2 comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Vickers hardness	`Vickers hardness`	no description	Unknown	optional
Vickers hardness ref	`Vickers hardness ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Vickers hardness comment	`Vickers hardness comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Brinell hardness	`Brinell hardness`	no description	Unknown	optional
Brinell hardness ref	`Brinell hardness ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
Brinell hardness comment	`Brinell hardness comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
CAS number	`CAS number`	no description	Unknown	optional
CAS number ref	`CAS number ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
CAS number comment	`CAS number comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
naming	`naming`	no description	Unknown	optional
predicted by	`predicted by`	no description	Unknown	optional
prediction date	`prediction date`	no description	Unknown	optional
discovered by	`discovered by`	no description	Unknown	optional
discovery date	`discovery date`	no description	Unknown	optional
first isolation by	`first isolation by`	no description	Unknown	optional
first isolation date	`first isolation date`	no description	Unknown	optional
named by	`named by`	no description	Unknown	optional
named date	`named date`	no description	Unknown	optional
history comment	`history comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
prediction date ref	`prediction date ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
discovery and first isolation by	`discovery and first isolation by`	no description	Unknown	optional
discovery date ref	`discovery date ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
first isolation date ref	`first isolation date ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
named date ref	`named date ref`	no description	Unknown	optional
history comment label	`history comment label`	no description	Unknown	optional
theoretical isotopes comment	`theoretical isotopes comment`	no description	Unknown	optional
Z	`Z`	no description	Unknown	optional
density conditions	`density conditions`	no description	Unknown	optional
density	`density`	no description	Unknown	optional
lattice constants	`lattice constants`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure Pearson symbol	`crystal structure Pearson symbol`	no description	Unknown	optional
lattice constants 2	`lattice constants 2`	no description	Unknown	optional
crystal structure 2 Pearson symbol	`crystal structure 2 Pearson symbol`	no description	Unknown	optional

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Infobox element/doc.
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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Template:Infobox_thorium, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] [1]
"Standard Atomic Weights: Thorium". CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-2] [2]
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] [3]
Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[Th(-1),_U(-1)-4] [4]
Th(-I) and U(-I) have been detected in the gas phase as octacarbonyl anions; see Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking (2019). "Octacarbonyl Ion Complexes of Actinides [An(CO)₈]^+/− (An=Th, U) and the Role of f Orbitals in Metal–Ligand Bonding". Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 25 (50): 11772–11784. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027. PMID 31276242.

[magnet-5] [5]
Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–135. ISBN 978-0-8493-0486-6.

[6] [6]
Weast, R. (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. p. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-7] [7]
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[Varga14-8] [8]
Varga, Z.; Nicholl, A.; Mayer, K. (2014). "Determination of the ²²⁹Th half-life". Physical Review C. 89 (6): 064310. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064310.

[Settype_E118-9] [S 1]
E118 (Oganesson): Article, Infobox, Isotopes article, Isobox, eponymous category, isotopes categories (complete set, six pages). Discovered element, for reference.

[Settype_E119-10] [S 2]
E119 (Ununennium): Article, Infobox, eponymous category, Isotopes article (but no big "§ List of isotopes" table). No Isobox.

[Settype_E121-11] [S 3]
E121 (Unbiunium): Article, Infobox, eponymous category.

[Settype_E127-12] [S 4]
E127 (Unbiseptium): R-article only, on systematical name.

[Settype_E185-13] [S 5]
E185 (Unoctpentium): No article, no redirect.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[Set 1]

[Set 2]

[Set 3]

[Set 4]

[Set 5]

Th · Thorium
Ac ← ibox Ac	^iso ₉₀Th [e] IB-Th [e] IBisos [e]	→ Pa ibox Pa
cat:Th (29) cat:Th-isotopes (32) Commons Wikidata:Q1115 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (45) · (this table: v )

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (45) · (this table: v )

parameter	en-US (default)	en-GB	en-OED
color	color	coloUr	coloUr
heat vaporization	vaporiZation	vaporiSation	vaporiZation
vapor pressure	vapor	vapoUr	vapoUr
ionization energy	ioniZation	ioniSation	ioniZation
crystal structure (list)	-centEred	-centred	-centred
... oxidation-state/comment	parenthesized	brackets	brackets

Template:Infobox_thorium

Template:Infobox thorium

References

Parameters

Chemical element data sets

Main isotopes box

Theoretical elements handling (E119)

Subtemplates

English variant spellings (ENGVAR)

TemplateData

References

See also

Tracking categories

Index by periodic table

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