The Tarlo River, a perennial river^[1] that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Tablelands and Southern Highlands regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Tarlo River rises within the Great Dividing Range, near the locality of Middle Arm east of Crookwell, and flows generally south southeast, north, and then east, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its confluence with the Wollondilly River near Mount Penong, east of Taralga. The river descends 393 metres (1,289 ft) over its 92-kilometre (57 mi) course and it flows through Tarlo and then on to the Tarlo River National Park.^[2]

Camping, fishing, swimming and other water activities are available at Tarlo River Campgrounds^[3] at The Shed @ Tarlo, Tarlo Village, via Taralga Rd Tarlo or Tarlo River National Park.

• List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
• List of rivers of Australia
• Rivers of New South Wales