Tama_languages
Tama languages
Small family of languages of northern Papua New Guinea
The Tama languages are a small family of three clusters of closely related languages of northern Papua New Guinea, spoken just to the south of Nuku town in eastern Sandaun Province. They are classified as subgroup of the Sepik languages. Tama is the word for 'man' in the languages that make up this group.
| Tama | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Sepik River basin, Papua New Guinea: just to the south of Nuku town in eastern Sandaun Province |
| Linguistic classification | Sepik
|
| Glottolog | sepi1256 |
The Sepik languages as classified by Foley (2018) | |
Yessan-Mayo and Mehek are the best documented Tama languages.[1]
Usher (2020) classifies the Tama languages as follows,[2]
- Tama
Foley (2018), following Donald Laycock, provides the following classification.[1]
- Tama
The Tama languages distinguish /r/ and /l/, unlike many other Papuan languages that have only one liquid consonant.[1]
The following basic vocabulary words are from Laycock (1968),[4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
| gloss | Mehek | Pahi | Yessan-Mayo[6] | Yessan-Mayo (Warasai dialect) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | terfa | taraʔwey | tara | |
| ear | namra | wapray | wan | wan |
| eye | lakwo | niaʔwey | la; lə | la |
| nose | wiliŋki | fikihinwi | raŋkɨ; raŋki | haŋki |
| tooth | mpi | piaʔwey | lər; lir | rir |
| tongue | tawul | tafəki | tawlə | kawul |
| leg | suwa | huwa | towa; warə | sowa |
| louse | nunum | nunum | nɨ; ni | niʔ |
| dog | wala | waʔay | wala | wale |
| pig | for | |||
| bird | fenre | feydey | ap | apu |
| egg | lakwo | yaʔwey | yen; yɨn | yan |
| blood | kefu | nefum | nap | nap |
| bone | yefa | yefa | yaha | |
| skin | liki | fuhum | was | |
| breast | muku | muwi | mu; mukw | mukw |
| tree | moː | muy | me | meʔ |
| man | tama | tama | tama; tamə | kama |
| woman | tawa | tawa | taː | ka |
| sun | nampul | napuy | yabəl; yampəl | yampəl |
| moon | nekwa | nefʔa | lup; lɨyf | lüp |
| water | okwu | oʔwi | ok; okw | okw |
| fire | kiri | irʔi | k-er; kər | kər |
| stone | arkwo | hijopey | pa | papə |
| eat | a(m) | |||
| one | wurɨ | |||
| two | lisifu | fes | kes |
- Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Amal–Kalou, New Guinea World
- Laycock, Donald C. 1968. Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66.
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Foley, W.A. "Linguistic prehistory in the Sepik-Ramu basin". In Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J. and Hide, R. editors, Papuan Pasts: Cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. PL-572:109-144. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.