Taishi ([tʰâɪʂɻ̩̀], Chinese: 太史; pinyin: Tàishǐ; Wade–Giles: T'ai⁴-shih³) is a Chinese compound surname. Taishi literally means Grand Historian, a high official in ancient imperial China. For example, Sima Qian was the Grand Historian in Han Dynasty.

Taishi is not included in the Hundred Family Surnames book^[1] and is no longer used to this day.^{[citation needed]}