The school was established under the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in 1976 by the New Jersey state legislature. Initial classes were held at what is now Robert Wood Johnson Medical School for its first two years until its campus was complete. The first class of 24 students began on September 7, 1977.
Rowan-Virtua SOM's first affiliate was Kennedy University Hospital, which remains its principal teaching hospital. The Kennedy Health System includes hospitals in Stratford (adjacent to the SOM campus), Cherry Hill, and Washington Township. Other affiliates include Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital in Camden, Lourdes Medical Center in Willingboro, Christ Hospital in Jersey City, and Inspira Medical Centers in Elmer and Vineland.
The SOM Specialty Care Center opened in 1987; two years later, the adjoining Primary Care Center was purchased. The following year, the Science Center was built, and began functioning as the primary campus for the 4-year medical program. The campus was completed in 1993 with the addition of the new Academic Center.
On June 28, 2012 the New Jersey state legislature passed the New Jersey Medical and Health Sciences Education Restructuring Act which dissolved the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey on July 1, 2013, resulting in the merger of the Stratford SOM campus with Rowan University and the remainder of its teaching schools associating with Rutgers University. University Hospital became an independent entity.[7]
The school is accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA) and by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools.[8]