North_American_Dryopteris_hybrid_complex

North American <i>Dryopteris</i> hybrid complex

North American Dryopteris hybrid complex

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Hybridization and polyploidy are common phenomena in ferns, and the genus Dryopteris is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera.[1] North American botanists recognized early that there were close relationships between many of the species of Dryopteris on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry.[2] The complex includes six sexual diploid parents (one of which, "D. semicristata", is hypothesized to be extinct[3]), six sexual allopolyploids, and numerous sterile hybrids at various ploidal levels.

North American Dryopteris reticulate complex

Diploid species

Allopolyploid species

Other hybrids

  • Dryopteris × australis (D. celsa × D. ludoviciana; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × bootii (D. cristata × D. intermedia; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × critica (D. borreri × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × complexa aggregate (D. filix-mas and D. affinis; tetraploid)[4]
  • Dryopteris × convoluta (D. cambrensis × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × deweveri (D. dilatata × D. carthusiana)[4]
  • Dryopteris × neo-wherryi (D. goldieana × D. marginalis; diploid)
  • Dryopteris × triploidea (D. carthusiana × D. intermedia; triploid)

References

  1. [1]
    Sessa, Emily B.; Zhang, Li-Bing; Väre, Henry; Juslén, Aino (2015-08-01). "What We Do (and Don't) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study". Systematic Botany. 40 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1600/036364415X688844.
  2. [2]
    Montgomery, J; Wagner, WH (1993). Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 2. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
  3. [3]
    Sessa, Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 104. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3509404. PMID 22748145.
  4. [4]
    Murphy, Rosaline J.; Page, Christopher N.; Parslow, Rosemary E.; Bennallick, Ian J. (2012). Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Truro: ERCCIS. ISBN 978-1-902864-07-5.
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