Multiple_streams_framework
The Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) is a prominent approach for analyzing public policymaking processes. It emphasizes the unpredictable and complex nature of policy development, proposing that three distinct, yet interconnected streams influence the process:
- Problem Stream: This stream focuses on identifying and defining issues as problems. It involves actors like media, policy communities, and the public bringing attention to situations requiring policy intervention. Debates arise on how to frame and define the problem, influenced by diverse perspectives and values.
- Policy Stream: This stream deals with the development and refinement of potential policy solutions. Policymakers, analysts, and experts propose solutions, analyzing their feasibility, effectiveness, and resource needs. They consider existing policies, research findings, and potential consequences of proposed solutions.
- Politics Stream: This stream concerns the political climate and public opinion surrounding an issue. It incorporates factors like upcoming elections, public sentiment, and the power dynamics between political actors. Policymakers consider their own political positions, potential public support or opposition, and potential impacts on their political standing.
The MSF highlights that policy change occurs when elements from each stream converge in a policy window.