Mueang Amnat Charoen (Thai: เมืองอำนาจเจริญ, pronounced [mɯ̄a̯ŋ ʔām.nâːt t͡ɕā.rɤ̄ːn]) is the capital district (amphoe mueang) of Amnat Charoen province, northeastern Thailand.

Originally Amnat Charoen was a mueang under Mueang Khemarat. In the Thesaphiban administrative reforms around 1900 it was reassigned to Ubon Ratchathani and converted into a district. It was later named Bung after the central tambon. In 1939 it was renamed Amnat Charoen.^[1] In 1993 the new province Amnat Charoen was created, and the district was then renamed Mueang Amnat Charoen.^[2]

Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Senangkhanikhom, Pathum Ratchawongsa, Phana, Lue Amnat, and Hua Taphan of Amnat Charoen Province, and Pa Tio and Thai Charoen of Yasothon province.

The district is divided into 19 sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 213 villages (mubans). The town (thesaban mueang) Amnat Charoen covers parts of the tambon Bung. Nam Plik is a sub-district municipality (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of the same-named tambon. Na Wong, Na Mo Ma, and Na Yom are sub-district municipalities which cover the full same-named subdistricts. There are a further 16 tambon administrative organizations (TAO).