The following is a list of notable people from Kaunas, Lithuania.

• Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania ^[1]
• Diana Adlienė (born 1954), medical physicist and doctor of physical sciences^[2]
• Aharon Amir, Israeli Hebrew poet, translator, and writer
• Antanas Andrijauskas, habilitated doctor and professor
• Moshe Arens, Israeli statesman and diplomat
• Donatas Banionis, actor
• Aharon Barak (originally Brick), professor of law at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and former President of the Supreme Court of Israel
• Antanas Baranauskas, poet, mathematician, and Catholic bishop
• Svetlana Beriosova, prima ballerina with the Royal Ballet of England
• Montague Burton, British retail magnate
• Algimantas Dailide (1921–2015), official of the Nazi-sponsored Lithuanian Security Police (Saugumas) during World War II
• Marija Gimbutienė, archaeologist
• Sara Ginaite (born 1924), former resistance fighter, now Canadian academic
• Leah Goldberg (1911–1970), Israeli poet
• Emma Goldman (1869-1940), anarchist
• Leyb Gorfinkel (1896–1976), advocate, journalist, and politician who was originally of Lithuanian and later of Israeli nationality
• Juozas Grušas, writer and editor
• Joseph Gurwin (1920–2009), American philanthropist^[3]
• Žydrūnas Ilgauskas, basketball player
• Tadas Ivanauskas, zoologist and biologist
• Valdas Ivanauskas, footballer
• Šarūnas Jasikevičius, basketball player and coach, 2005 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
• Romas Kalanta, student protester
• Kęstutis Kemzūra, basketball player
• Linas Kleiza, basketball player
• Albertas Vijūkas-Kojalavičius, historian, theologian, and translator
• Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor
• Lazare Kopelmanas, lawyer and diplomat
• Vytautas Landsbergis, politician and member of the European Parliament
• Emmanuel Levinas, philosopher
• Moshe Leib Lilienblum, early Zionist thinker
• Aleksandras Machtas, chess player
• George Maciunas, artist, founding member of Fluxus
• Maironis, poet
• Abraham Mapu, Hebrew novelist of the Haskalah movement
• Šarūnas Marčiulionis, basketball player
• Rūta Meilutytė, swimmer
• Adam Mickiewicz, Romantic poet
• Hermann Minkowski, mathematician and one of Einstein's teachers
• Oskar Minkowski, physician and medical researcher
• Donatas Motiejūnas, basketball player
• Yitzhak Olshan, second President of the Supreme Court of Israel
• Vlado Perlemuter, pianist
• Petras Rimša, sculptor and medalist
• Vladimir Romanov, businessman, chairman of UBIG Investments
• Mykolas Romeris, lawyer and judge
• Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, countess
• Arvydas Sabonis, basketball player
• Israel Sack, American antiques dealer
• Sidney Shachnow, US Army general
• Mykolas Sleževičius, lawyer, political figure, and journalist
• Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor, Rabbi of Kaunas and Talmudic authority
• Ladislas Starevich, stop-motion animator
• Yehezkel Streichman, Israeli painter
• Daniel Tammet, British writer
• Gintautas Umaras, retired track and road racing cyclist
• Lukas Verzbicas, American long-distance runner and triathlete
• Jonas Vileišis, lawyer, politician, and diplomat
• Edita Vilkevičiūtė, model
• Vytautas Žalakevičius, film director and writer
• Marius Žaliūkas, professional footballer
• L. L. Zamenhof, inventor of the Esperanto language