List_of_human_microbiota

List of human microbiota

List of human microbiota

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This article lists some of the species recognized as belonging to the human microbiome. The "reference" 70 kg human body is estimated to have around 39 trillion bacterias with their total mass of about 0.2 kg. [1][2][3][4] These can be separated into about 10,000 microbial species. about 180 of the most studied is listed below here. However all of these can broadly be put into 3 categories:[5]

  • Spheres or ball-shaped (cocci bacteria).
  • Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli).
  • Spirals or helixes (spirochetes).

Bacteroides spp. anaerobically cultured in blood agar medium
Yersinia enterocolitica colonies growing on XLD agar plates

Whole-body distributed

Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Color-enhanced scanning electron micrograph showing Salmonella typhimurium (red) invading cultured human cells
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Naming convention for the table

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Vagina

The vaginal microbiota in pregnancy varies markedly during the entire time of gestation. The species and diversity of the microorganisms may be related to the various levels of hormones during pregnancy.[6]

Uterus

The healthy uterine microbiome has been identified and over 278 genera have been sequenced.[7]

Ovarian follicle

The ovarian follicle microbiome has been studied using standard culturing techniques. It has been associated with the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies and birth outcomes. Positive outcomes are related to the presence of Lactobacilli spp while the presence of Propionibacterium and Actinomyces were related to negative outcomes. The microbiome can vary from one ovary to the other. Studies are ongoing in the further identification of those bacteria present.[7]

Male reproductive tract

The microbiome present in seminal fluid has been evaluated. Using traditional culturing techniques the microbiome differs between men who have acute prostatitis and those who have chronic prostatitis. Identification of the seminal fluid microbiome has become one of the diagnostic tools used in treating infertility in men that do not display symptoms of infection or disease. The taxa Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella display a negative effect on the quality of sperm. The presence of Lactobacillus spp in semen samples is associated with a very high normal sperm count.[7]

See also

Other lists of the Human body's contents and building bricks


References

  1. "Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body". PLOS Biology. 2016-08-19. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533. PMC 4991899.
  2. "Do our bodies contain far more bacteria than human cells? - Eppendorf Handling Solutions". handling-solutions.eppendorf.com. 2022-01-10. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  3. "NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2015-08-31. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  4. "Bacteria: Definition, Types, Benefits, Risks & Examples". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  5. Fox, Chelsea; Eichelberger, Kacey (2015). "Maternal microbiome and pregnancy outcomes". Fertility and Sterility. 104 (6): 1358–1363. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.09.037. ISSN 0015-0282. PMID 26493119; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. Franasiak, Jason M.; Scott, Richard T. (2015). "Reproductive tract microbiome in assisted reproductive technologies". Fertility and Sterility. 104 (6): 1364–1371. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.10.012. ISSN 0015-0282. PMID 26597628; Access provided by the University of Pittsburgh{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

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