List_of_human_cell_types_derived_from_the_germ_layers
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Surface ectoderm
Skin
Anterior pituitary
Tooth enamel
Neural crest
Peripheral nervous system
Neuroendocrine system
Skin
Teeth
Eyes
Neural tube
Central nervous system
- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
Paraxial mesoderm
Mesenchymal stem cell
Osteochondroprogenitor cell
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
- Fat
- Muscle
- Other
Other
- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm
Renal stem cell
Reproductive system
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Lateral plate mesoderm
Hematopoietic stem cell
Circulatory system
Body cavities
Foregut
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Exocrine component of pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
Hindgut/cloaca
- Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.