List_of_World_War_I_aces_credited_with_20_or_more_victories

List of World War I aces credited with 20 or more victories

List of World War I aces credited with 20 or more victories

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The term ace (now commonly flying ace) was first used by French newspapers during World War I, describing Adolphe Pégoud as l'as ('the ace'), after he downed five German aircraft. When aircraft began to shoot or force down other aircraft, systems to count "air victories" were subsequently developed. The American qualification of five victories eventually became the standard, even though other air services had previously used differing figures.[1]

The Nieuport 17, a French biplane fighter aircraft of World War I

Manfred von Richthofen, the most successful flying ace of World War I wearing the Pour le Mérite, Prussia's highest military order in this official portrait, c. 1917
See also: Flying ace, Aerial victory standards of World War I, and Aviation in World War I

While "ace" status was most often won by fighter pilots, bomber and reconnaissance crews, and observers in two-seater aircraft such as the Bristol F.2b ("Bristol Fighter"), also destroyed enemy aircraft. If a two-seater aircraft destroyed an aircraft, both crew members were credited with a victory. Because pilots usually teamed with differing observer/gunners in two-seater aircraft, an observer might be an ace when his pilot was not, and vice versa.[2] The few aces among combat aviators have historically accounted for the majority of air-to-air victories in military history.[3]

Loss of records by mischance and the passage of time complicates reconstructing the actual count for given aces. The scores presented in the list cannot be definitive, but are based on itemized lists that are the best available sources of information.[4] Aces are listed after verifying the date and location of combat, and the foe vanquished, for every victory accredited by an aviator's home air service using their own aerial victory standards. Those victories for which the evidence is unavailable or fragmentary have been excluded from the victory count.

Aces

  [lower-alpha 1]

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Analysis

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Notes

  1. This along with the symbolic dagger †, indicates that the pilot was known to be either killed in action, missing in action, died of wounds, or killed in a flying accident during World War I.
  2. Speculation about Bishop's claims, particularly his 2 June 1917 mission which earned him a Victoria Cross (VC), have persisted.[8]
  3. Although various claim-by-claim analyses ascribe Dallas a score of 32 aircraft shot down,[16][17] he was officially credited with 39,[18][19] and his actual tally could number in the 50s.[17]
  4. Auffarth may actually 31.[30]

References

  1. [1]
    Maksel, Rebecca (7 April 2008). "What does it take to become an "ace"?". Need to Know. Air & Space Magazine. Retrieved 20 October 2009. [dead link]
  2. [2]
    Franks, Bailey & Guest 1993, p. 10
  3. [3]
    Dunnigan 2003, p. 149
  4. [4]
    Shores, Franks & Guest 1990, p. 7
  5. [5]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 241–242
  6. [6]
    Guttman, 2002. p. 20
  7. [7]
    Shores, 2001. p. 89
  8. [8]
    Greenhous, Brereton (Autumn 2002). "Billy Bishop – Brave Flyer, Bold Liar" (PDF). Canadian Military Journal. 3 (3): 61–64. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
  9. [9]
    Shores, Frank, Guest 1990, pp. 255–256.
  10. [10]
    Franks, 2004. pp. 68–69
  11. [11]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 43–44
  12. [12]
    Franks, 2007. p. 41
  13. [13]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 28–29
  14. [14]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 56–58
  15. [15]
    Franks, 2000. p. 51
  16. [16]
    Shores, 1990. p. 132
  17. [17]
    Newton, 1996. pp. 32–34
  18. [18]
    Wixted, E. P. (1981). "Dallas, Roderic Stanley (1891–1918)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  19. [19]
    Garrison, A.D. (1999). Australian Fighter Aces 1914–1953 (PDF). Canberra: Air Power Development Centre. pp. 27, 51–56. ISBN 0-642-26540-2.
  20. [20]
    Guttman, 2007. pp. 29–31, 87
  21. [21]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 239
  22. [22]
    Franks, 2000. p. 71
  23. [23]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 169–171
  24. [24]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 60–61
  25. [25]
    Chant, 2002. p. 90
  26. [26]
    Franks, 2000. p. 76
  27. [27]
    Guttman, 2002. p. 93
  28. [28]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 81–82
  29. [29]
    Franks, 2003. pp. 12–13
  30. [30]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 63–64
  31. [31]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 75
  32. [32]
    Guttman, 2002. pp. 65–66
  33. [33]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 90
  34. [34]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 119–120
  35. [35]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 153–154
  36. [36]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 236
  37. [37]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 70
  38. [38]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 111–112
  39. [39]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 142–143
  40. [40]
    Franks, 2003. p. 88
  41. [41]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 61–62
  42. [42]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 215
  43. [43]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 219
  44. [44]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 233–234
  45. [45]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 101–102
  46. [46]
    Guttman, 2007. p. 87
  47. [47]
    Franks, 2000. p. 74
  48. [48]
    Franks, 2001. p. 86
  49. [49]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 81–82
  50. [50]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 68
  51. [51]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 123–124
  52. [52]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 77–78
  53. [53]
    Guttman, 2007. p. 88
  54. [54]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 78–79
  55. [55]
    Franks, 2003. p. 31
  56. [56]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 68–69
  57. [57]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 44–45
  58. [58]
    Guttman, 2002. pp. 11, 91
  59. [59]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 117
  60. [60]
    Guttman, 2002. p. 18
  61. [61]
    Franks, 2003. pp. 56–57
  62. [62]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 182–183
  63. [63]
    Guttman, 2002. p. 31–32
  64. [64]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 230–231
  65. [65]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 59
  66. [66]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 60–61
  67. [67]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 76–77
  68. [68]
    Shores, 2001. p. 87
  69. [69]
    Franks, 2000. p. 45
  70. [70]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 73
  71. [71]
    Guttman, 2007. p. 86
  72. [72]
    Franks, 2000. p. 46
  73. [73]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 104
  74. [74]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 108–109
  75. [75]
    Franks, 2001. p. 88
  76. [76]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp. 118–119
  77. [77]
    Franks, 2000. pp. 83–84
  78. [78]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. pp.143–144
  79. [79]
    Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 186
  80. [80]
    Franks, 2000. p. 79

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