List_of_Ottoman_imperial_consorts

List of Ottoman imperial consorts

List of Ottoman imperial consorts

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This is a list of consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خاتون) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady. The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first haseki sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.

Kadın

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادين) was the title given to the consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of women with the rank of Ikbal.

Ikbal

Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish: اقبال) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın. Their honorific was "Hanim".

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

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See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.
  2. [2]
    Lowry 2012, p. 153.
  3. [3]
    Alderson 1956, p. 83.
  4. [4]
    Babinger 1992, p. 52.
  5. [5]
    Alderson 1956, table XXVII (note. 9).
  6. [6]
    Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 148.
  7. [7]
    Peirce 1993, p. 55.
  8. [8]
    Freely 1999, p. 51.
  9. [9]
    Iorga 1909, p. 344.
  10. [10]
    Yermolenko 2013, p. 2.
  11. [11]
    Avtorkhanov 1996, p. 29.
  12. [12]
    Süreyya, 1 Cild 1996, p. 20.
  13. [13]
    Meram 1977, p. 279.
  14. [14]
    Metin 2010, p. 179.
  15. [15]
    İnal 2005, p. 27.
  16. [16]
    Iyigun 2015, p. 119.
  17. [17]
    İlgürel 2002; Tezcan 2008; Somel 2003.
  18. [18]
    Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 245.
  19. [19]
    Barzilai-Lumbroso 2008, p. 206.
  20. [20]
    Baer 2011, p. 35.
  21. [21]
    Cooke, Göknar & Parker 2008, p. 214.
  22. [22]
    Carsten 1961, p. 505.
  23. [23]
    Alderson 1956, p. 83
  24. [24]
    İpşirli 1996.
  25. [25]
    Uluçay 2011.
  26. [26]
    Sakaoğlu 2015.
  27. [27]
    Alderson 1956.
  28. [28]
    Akyıldız 2009.

Sources

Further reading

  • Açba-Ançabadze, Leyla, Fürstin: Harem Hatıraları, Timaş Yayınları, Istanbul 2010.
  • Afife Rezzemaza: Saray'dan Sürgüne, Istanbul 2013
  • Aredba, Rumeysa, Fürstin: Sultan Vahdeddin'in San Remo Günleri, Istanbul 2009
  • Bardakçı, Murat: Şahbaba. Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1998.
  • Mislimelek, Prinzessin: Saray'dan Sürgüne Bir Osmanlı Prensesi, Istanbul 2012 (Memoiren der Nichte von Emine Nazikeda und Schwiegertochter von Sultan Abdulhamit II.)
  • Öztuna, Yılmaz: İslam Devletleri. Istanbul 1989 (Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Band 2).
  • Uluçay, Çağatay: Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ankara 1992
  • Ünüvar, Safiye: Saray Hatıraları, Istanbul 1965
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