List_of_NFL_nicknames
The following nicknames are given to a unit (defensive, offensive and special teams) or a secondary nickname given to some teams used to describe a style of play or attitude of teams at times in accordance with phrases in popular culture of the time. They are not the official franchise nicknames of the National Football League (NFL). Since the NFL's inception in 1920, players, coaches, team executives, league officials, and football games have been given nicknames based on either individual achievements, team achievements, historical events, etc.
Nicknames for entire teams, whole offensive units, defensive units or special teams. Names which are marked by an asterisk (*) are team nicknames which may have been coined by team members or local media, but never became well known to the public outside of the teams media market for a multitude of reasons, but most likely due to poor performance. The nickname was earned for accomplishments on the field.
A
- Ain'ts:[1] Nickname given to the New Orleans Saints after their 1980 season of 14 consecutive losses. The name persisted somewhat as, although they would later qualify for the playoffs several times since then, they did not win a playoff game until their defeat of the defending Super Bowl champion Rams in the wild-card round of the 2000–01 playoffs.
- America's Team:[2] Nickname given to the Dallas Cowboys for having a large number of fans outside its immediate local area (The term itself is likely derived from the title of the team's 1978 highlight film.).
B
- The Bickering Bills: The 1989 Buffalo Bills, so-called due to internal conflict within the organization between quarterback Jim Kelly and several veteran players as well as a fistfight that occurred between two assistant coaches.
- Big Blue:[3] An abridged version of the New York Giants nickname Big Blue Wrecking Crew
- Big Blue Wrecking Crew:[4] Name of the New York Giants defensive team from 1986 to 1990.[5]
- Bills West:[6][7] The 2001 San Diego Chargers, so named because of the signing of the Buffalo Bills' former general manager, John Butler, along with several Buffalo Bills players, including quarterback Doug Flutie.
- Blitzburgh:[8] Name of the Pittsburgh Steelers defensive unit since the mid-1990s and their tendency to relentlessly attack opposing quarterbacks.
- The Blue Wave:[9] Name of the Seattle Seahawks teams of the 1980s which included Hall of Famers Steve Largent and Kenny Easley. Quarterbacked by Dave Krieg and coached by Chuck Knox. Fans of the team would perform the wave every game.
- The Boogeymen:[10][11] 2019 New England Patriots linebacker corps, specifically Dont'a Hightower, Jamie Collins Sr., and Kyle Van Noy.
- The Boston TE Party:[12][13] A play on the name of the historical event that occurred locally in the team's state, the Boston Tea Party, it was the 2010 to 2012 New England Patriots tight end corps, featuring Rob Gronkowski and Aaron Hernandez.
- Bring The Heat Boulevard: Robert Mathis and Dwight Freeney, Defensive linemen on the Peyton Manning-era Indianapolis Colts.
- Bruise Brothers:[14] San Diego Chargers defensive line in the 1970s and 1980s.
- Bull Elephant backfield:[15] running backs of the 1950s Rams: Dick Hoerner, Paul "Tank" Younger, and "Deacon" Dan Towler.
- Bulls on Parade:[16] Refers to the Houston Texans defense, starting in the 2011 season (but is still a nickname for the Texans). After the hiring of Wade Phillips, the defense went from almost last ranked in the NFL to ranked second at the end of the 2011 season, winning the AFC South for the first time and reaching the post-season for the first time in franchise history. The name is taken from the Rage Against the Machine song of the same name.
- Bungles:[17] Name referring to the Cincinnati Bengals teams of the 1990s and 2000s, whose string of losing seasons with records 8–8 or worse spanned 14 consecutive years in addition to numerous draft busts. Name also used for any failing Cincinnati Bengals team thereafter.
C
- Cardiac Cardinals (Cards):[18] the St. Louis Cardinals NFC East championship teams of 1974 (10–4) and '75 (11–3). Noted for their come-from-behind wins under their head coach, Don Coryell. The name was resurrected for the 1998 team that upset Dallas in the wild card game.[19]
- Cardiac Cats: nickname originally given to the 2003 Carolina Panthers and later to the Detroit Lions of the 2010s.[20][21][22]
- Cardiac Jags:[23] the Jacksonville Jaguars earned this nickname because of making several comeback wins and/or winning nail-biters.
- Cowgirls: derogatory nickname for the Dallas Cowboys, in reference to their cheerleaders.
D
- Da Bears:[24] Slang nickname given to the Chicago Bears made popular by the Bill Swerski's Superfans sketches of the early 1990s on Saturday Night Live. Sometimes used to retroactively refer to the 1985 Bears.
- Deflatriots: Used in reference to Deflategate.[25]
- Dirty Birds:[26] The 1998 Atlanta Falcons (but is still a nickname for the Falcons). The name originates from an end zone dance started by Jamal Anderson that was adopted by all the players upon scoring.
- Dome Patrol: The linebacker corps, specifically Rickey Jackson, Vaughan Johnson, Sam Mills, and Pat Swilling, of the National Football League's New Orleans Saints during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
- Doomsday Defense:[27] The 1970s Dallas Cowboys defensive team. Doomsday I, the unit that led the Cowboys to victory in Super Bowl VI, was anchored by future Pro Football Hall of Fame members Herb Adderley, Bob Lilly, and Mel Renfro, while Doomsday II, which spearheaded the drive to the title in Super Bowl XII, featured Hall of Famer Randy White and fellow defensive linemen Harvey Martin and Ed "Too Tall" Jones.
E
- Electric Company:[28] The 1970s Buffalo Bills offensive line. They were given that name because they "turned on the 'Juice'" by paving the way for star halfback O. J. Simpson, who was nicknamed "Juice", because a common nickname for orange juice is also O. J.
- Evil Empire:[29] Name associating the New England Patriots dynasty of the 2000s. Coach Bill Belichick was deemed "evil" after the Spygate scandal[30] and the term is a play on Belichick's frequent use of hooded sweatshirts on the sideline, making him resemble the Emperor Palpatine character from the Star Wars motion picture series.
F
- Fearsome Foursome:[31] The 1960s Los Angeles Rams defensive line.
G
- G Men:[32] Nickname of the New York Giants.
- Gang Green:[33] Nickname of the New York Jets,[34] or the Philadelphia Eagles defensive team from 1987 to 1990, when the team was coached by Buddy Ryan.
- The Ghosts:[35] The 2019 New England Patriots secondary, in reference to Jets quarterback Sam Darnold "seeing ghosts" on Monday Night Football.
- The Gravediggers: The 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers front seven, which led the league in rushing defense and were 6th in the league in sacks.
- The Greatest Show on Turf:[36] The 1999–2001 St. Louis Rams record-breaking offensive team featuring Kurt Warner, Marshall Faulk, Issac Bruce, Torry Holt, Az-Zahir Hakim, and Ricky Proehl. They were recognized as one of the greatest offenses to play in NFL history. (Note: The first team referred to as "The Greatest Show on Turf" was the 1992 Houston Oilers, the title of their 1993 NFL Films highlight film. The Oilers employed the wide-open run-and-shoot offense.)[37]
- Gritz Blitz:[26] Nickname for the 1977 Atlanta Falcons defense led by then defensive assistant Jerry Glanville that allowed the fewest points per game (9.2) in NFL history.
- Ground Chuck:[38] Nickname for the conservative, ball-control offense favored by coach Chuck Knox.
H
- Homeland Defense:[39] Nickname for the New England Patriots defense during their runs to Super Bowl XXXVIII and XXXIX.
- The Hogs: The Washington Redskins' offensive line in the 1980s. They were considered one of the largest and strongest offensive lines in football history, originally consisting of Joe Jacoby, Russ Grimm, Mark May, George Starke, and Jeff Bostic.[40]
J
- Jackson 5:[41] Nickname of the 2017 Jacksonville Jaguars secondary coming from the famous music group
- Jeff Stoutland University:[42] Philadelphia Eagles 2022 offensive line. Coined by Jordan Mailata.
K
- Kardiac Kids:[43] The 1980 Cleveland Browns offensive unit featuring Brian Sipe, Greg Pruitt, Ozzie Newsome, Dave Logan, and Reggie Rucker who had a penchant for having games decided in the final moments.
- The Killer Bees:[44] The 1982 Miami Dolphins defensive team; seven of their 11 starters had last names that began with the letter "B" (Bob Baumhower, Bill Barnett, Lyle Blackwood, Kim Bokamper, Glenn Blackwood, Charles Bowser, Doug Betters, and Bob Brudzinski). They allowed only 131 points in the strike-shortened, nine-game regular season.
- The Killer B's: Three members of the Pittsburgh Steelers, consisting of Ben Roethlisberger, Le'Veon Bell, Antonio Brown, and sometimes Chris Boswell. Name was first used during the 2016 NFL season.[citation needed]
L
- Legion of Boom: The dominant secondary of the Seattle Seahawks, consisting of All-Pro safety tandem Earl Thomas and Kam Chancellor as well as the league's largest set of corners in 6′4″ Pro Bowler Brandon Browner and 6′3″ All-Pro Richard Sherman. The term has come to encompass the entire defense.[45]
- Legion of Zoom: The unstoppable wide receiver corps of the Kansas City Chiefs, particularly known for their speed, consisting of Tyreek Hill, Sammy Watkins, Demarcus Robinson, and Mecole Hardman and notably TE Travis Kelce, starting in 2018 with the arrival of a top quarterback, Patrick Mahomes[46]
M
- Marty Ball:[47] Coach Marty Schottenheimer's football strategy.
- Miami Pound Machine The nickname of the late 1980s and early '90s Dolphins defense coming from the band that Gloria Estefan started the Miami Sound Machine[48][49]
- Million Dollar Backfield was given to two historical backfields. It was first used to refer to the backfield of the then–Chicago Cardinals in 1947 after owner Charles Bidwill spent an unprecedented amount of money to lure several of the era's top players to the team.[50] The term was resurrected again in 1954 for the backfield of the San Francisco 49ers, which would go on to produce four Hall of Famers.[51]
- Monsters of the Midway:[52] Originally applied to the Chicago Bears of the early 1940s, but revived for the 1980s Bears and subsequent successful Bears defensive teams. Originally used for the University of Chicago Maroons college football team. "Midway" was the name of the park on campus.[53]
N
- New Jack City:[54] The New York Jets secondary in the late 2010s and the early 2020s, led by both Jamal Adams and Marcus Maye. It was based on the movie New Jack City which is about robberies in New York City.
- New York Sack Exchange:[55] The New York Jets defense of the early 1980s, led by defensive end Mark Gastineau along with Joe Klecko, and interior linemen Marty Lyons and Abdul Salaam. Fans began showing up at Shea Stadium with "NY Sack Exchange" signs, then the team itself began to promote that moniker.[56] Name references the New York Stock Exchange on New York's Wall Street.
- No-Name Defense:[57] The 1970s Miami Dolphins defensive team, especially that of its undefeated 1972 season, which performed excellently despite a lack of recognizable stars. They earned their nickname the previous year when Dallas coach Tom Landry said in an interview prior to Super Bowl VI that he could not remember the names of the Miami defensive players.
O
- Orange Crush:[58] The 1970s Denver Broncos defensive team, led by defensive end Lyle Alzado and linebackers Randy Gradishar and Tom Jackson.
- Over-the-Hill Gang:[59] The George Allen–coached Washington Redskins of the early 1970s, so named because of the large number of veteran players on the team. Many of those players also played for Allen when he coached the Los Angeles Rams from 1966–1970.
P
- Patsies:[60] Poorly performing New England Patriots squads, a play on the nickname "The Pats".
- Purple People Eaters:[61] The 1970s Minnesota Vikings defensive line, specifically the combination of Alan Page, Jim Marshall, Carl Eller, and Gary Larsen. The name is a reference to both the purple uniforms of the Vikings and the 1958 Sheb Wooley song "Purple People Eater."
- Purple Murder: The Baltimore Ravens' color is purple. A group of crows is called a "murder of crows", and Ravens are similar to crows. Technically, a group of Ravens is referred to as an "unkindness of ravens". Purple Unkindness is a less catchy nickname. In addition, Ray Lewis, a longtime member of the Ravens, was implicated in a murder case during his playing career, possibly popularizing the phrase.[62]
S
- Sack Pack:[63] The defensive line of the Baltimore Colts in the mid-to-late 1970s. The Sack Pack were defensive tackles Joe Ehrmann (#76) and Mike Barnes (#63) and defensive ends Fred Cook (#72) and John Dutton (#78). In 1975, the Sack Pack established itself with 59 sacks. It had 56 the following year and 47 in 1977 before slowing down due to injuries.
- Sacksonville: A portmanteau of the word sack and the city of Jacksonville. "Sacksonville" is used to refer to the Jacksonville Jaguars defense during the 2017 season, which was known to cause a high number of sacks, interceptions, and turnovers.
- San Diego Super Chargers:[64] Nickname given to the San Diego Chargers from its fight song.[65][66]
- Steel Curtain:[67] Nickname given to the defensive line of the 1970s Pittsburgh Steelers, the backbone of a dominant defense, which was itself giver this moniker. The nickname was a play on the phrase Iron Curtain during the height of the Cold War.
- Sons of Anarchy: The New York Jets defensive line of the early 2010s consisting of Muhammad Wilkerson, Damon Harrison, and Sheldon Richardson. Alludes to the FX television series of the same name which was highly popular at the time.[68]
- The Succs/Yuccs: Derogatory nickname given to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers due to their reputation as a perennial losing team
- SWAT team:[69] Name of the Cincinnati Bengals' secondary of David Fulcher, Solomon Wilcots, Eric Thomas, and Lewis Billups coached by Defensive Coordinator Dick LeBeau during the 1988 season.
T
- The Three Amigos:[70] Denver Broncos wide receivers Mark Jackson, Vance Johnson, and Ricky Nattiel. The nickname came from the 1986 movie, "The Three Amigos".
- The Triplets:[71] Troy Aikman, Michael Irvin and Emmitt Smith, the offensive stars of the 1990s Dallas Cowboys three-time Super Bowl winning teams
Y
- YAC Bros:[72] Nickname for the 2020s 49ers offense, who are known for their high Yards after catch, consisting of offensive stars Christian McCaffrey, Deebo Samuel, Brandon Aiyuk, and George Kittle[73]
Nicknames for individual players, coaches and personnel.
More information Nickname, Player(s) ...
| Nickname | Player(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| A-Train[74] | Mike Alstott | How he was as difficult to tackle as a freight train; "A" is a reference to his surname initial |
| AB , Mr. Big Chest,[75] or Tony-Toe Tap | Antonio Brown | His initials and his alter ego for making catches on the sideline. |
| Action Jackson[76][77][78] | Lamar Jackson | Given to him by teammates during high school because of his dynamic play style that produced highlight-reel worthy clips |
| Ageless Wonder[79][80] | Darrell Green | His remarkable ability to maintain a high level of play during the latter years of his 20-year career. |
| Air McNair[81] | Steve McNair | Originally given to his older brother, McNair earned it due to his impressive throwing talent |
| All Day[82] or AD / AP | Adrian Peterson | Given to him by his parents because he would run "all day" / His initials |
| Amblin' Amby[83] | Ambrose Schindler | Schindler was one of the earliest scrambling quarterbacks. He chose not to play in the NFL despite being selected in the 1940 NFL Draft, but would later return to professional football as an official in the 1960s. |
| Amish Rifle[84] | Ryan Fitzpatrick | Fitzpatrick has regularly grown a thick beard over the course of the football season, drawing comparisons to the Amish, who have a large community south of Buffalo, where he was playing at the time the name was bestowed in 2010. |
| Anytime[85] | Devin Hester | His ability to return kicks and punts for touchdowns any time. Inspired from his mentor Deion "Prime Time" Sanders. |
| The Assassin[86] | Jack Tatum | Given for his pure brutality. |
| Bad Moon Rison[87] | Andre Rison | Given nickname by ESPN's Chris Berman in reference to CCR's song "Bad Moon Rising". |
| BallSoHard/T Sizzle[88] | Terrell Suggs | Suggs claims that the reason he plays so toughly and aggressively is because he went to BallSoHard University; however, he did admit in an interview during the 2011 NFL season that he got the name from the commonly known lyric in the Jay-Z song "Niggas in Paris", feat. Kanye West. |
| Ball Hawk[89] | Ed Reed | Reed was always there to make a play on the ball (i.e. pass defense or interception). |
| Bam Bam[90] | Kam Chancellor | For his devastatingly big hitting ability. Also referred to as 'Kamtrack' and 'Kam Chancellor the Touchdown Canceller'. |
| Bambi[91] | Lance Alworth | For his speed, and his spectacular and graceful moves. |
| Bass-O-Matic[92] | Tyler Bass | A play on Bass's name and the Super Bass-O-Matic, a Dan Aykroyd sketch from Saturday Night Live that itself parodied the Veg-O-Matic from Ronco. |
| Beanie[93][94] | Chris Wells and Veryl Ebert | |
| Beast Mode[95] | Marshawn Lynch | He used this term to describe himself during an interview; afterward, fans continued to use the term. Lynch later named his Fan Controlled Football franchise the Beasts in homage to the nickname. |
| Big Baller Beane[96] | Brandon Beane | Given to him during his time as Bills GM in the 2020s for his popularity with the team's players. The phrase "Big Baller B—" was originally popularized in 2016 by the Big Baller Brand founded by LaVar Ball.[97] |
| Big Ben[98] | Ben Roethlisberger | His imposing size; a nod to the large Big Ben structure in London. |
| Big Daddy[99] | Dan Wilkinson | His 6′5″, 340 lb frame |
| Big Daddy[100] | Gene Lipscomb | At 6′9″ and 290 lb, Lipscomb, a professional wrestler during the offseason, was one of the largest players in professional football during the 1950s. |
| Big Dick Nick | Nick Foles | Connor Barwin once stated that Foles had the largest penis on the Eagles roster.[101] The moniker became more used following Foles' improbable playoff run, culminating in the Eagles' first Super Bowl victory.[102] |
| Big Game[103] | Torry Holt | Goes back to his college career at North Carolina State when he had great performances in games, such as against No. 2 ranked Florida State. He also set rookie Super Bowl records for receptions and receiving yards in Super Bowl XXXIV . |
| Big Snack[104] | Casey Hampton | Apparent reference to his large size and penchant for eating |
| Black Unicorn[105] | Martellus Bennett | |
| Blitz Boy[106] | Jamal Adams | His tendency to blitz despite being a safety |
| Blonde Bomber[107] | Terry Bradshaw | His blond hair, combined with his tendencies to throw the ball down the field, hence "bomber". |
| Blood[108] | John McNally | Inspired by the film Blood and Sand, McNally took the first name to hide his identity while he first went professional, hoping someday to return to college football (he never did). |
| Boobie[109] | Anthony Dixon | The nickname comes from Boobie Miles, a character from Friday Night Lights, and was bestowed by his teammates in college. |
| Brass[110] | Erik Kramer | In his first play from scrimmage for the Detroit Lions, Kramer, the Lions' backup quarterback at the time, audibled out of the originally called play, prompting a teammate to remark about his audacity that he must have "brass balls." |
| Brickwall[111] | Ray Lewis | Lewis had the ability to hit players very hard and often injured them: many players compared one of Lewis's hits to the feeling of running into a brick wall. |
| Broadway Joe[112] | Joe Namath | Reference to the wide avenue that ran through New York, the city where he played QB with the New York Jets. An allusion to Broadway theater, Namath was known for his showmanship. |
| Breece Lightning/Beast[113] | Breece Hall | |
| Breesus[114] | Drew Brees | Play on Brees's last name and his perception as the savior of Saints Football. |
| Brooklyn Bullet[115] | Abraham Barshofsky | The Russian Jewish immigrant spent his childhood in Brooklyn, and also went by the anglicized name "Johnny Barsha."[116] |
| Buck[117] | Javorius Allen | His high school teammates referred to him as "young buck" as he was a freshman on the varsity team. |
| Bullet Bob[118] | Bob Hayes | Reference to his incredible speed-won two gold medals and set world record in the 100 m at 1964 Summer Olympics. |
| Bum[119] | Oial "Bum" Phillips | A contraction of "bumblebee," based on his aunt's thick southern accent (common to many others in the Phillips family including his son Wade Phillips and grandson Wes Phillips) |
| Burner[120] | Michael Turner | Given both because of his ability to break long runs and because it rhymes with his last name. Got the name in college. |
| The Bus[121] | Jerome Bettis | Because of his ability to carry tacklers on his back like a "bus". |
| Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid[122] | Larry Csonka & Jim Kiick | Miami Dolphins running back duo from 1968 to 1974; named after the movie about the famous outlaws. |
| Cadillac[123] | Carnell Williams | A high school broadcaster at Etowah High School in Attalla, Alabama compared Williams' running to a luxury car. |
| Captain Checkdown[124] | Trent Edwards | Name given to quarterback Trent Edwards for his refusal to throw the deep ball, preferring instead to dump off to running backs or tight ends. |
| Captain Chaos[125] | Chris Cooley | Adapted from Dom DeLuise's character in The Cannonball Run; possibly due to shared initials. |
| Captain Kirk[126] | Kirk Cousins | Nickname adapted from the Star Trek character James Kirk. |
| Captain Comeback[127] | Roger Staubach | Name given to quarterback Roger Staubach during his career with the Dallas Cowboys during the 1970s for his ability to bring back his team from being down during important games. Also referred to as Captain America for his strong old fashioned beliefs, likening him to the comic book hero. |
| Cheetah[128] | Tyreek Hill | Given due to his incredible top speed and acceleration, widely being regarded as one of the fastest NFL players of all time. |
| CJ2K[129] | Chris Johnson | Given to him after rushing for over 2,000 yards during the 2009 season. |
| Concrete Charlie[130] | Chuck Bednarik | Bednarik worked as a concrete salesman during the NFL's offseason and was known for his hard hits and persistent endurance. |
| Crazy Legs[131] | Elroy Hirsch | Named for his unusual running style. |
| Crystal Chandelier[132] | Chris Chandler | Was plagued by concussions and injuries, referencing his presumed fragility |
| Danny Dimes[133] | Daniel Jones | Coined by his team's (the New York Giants) social media department, allegedly for his ability to throw a football with precision as narrow as a dime. |
| David W. Gibson[134] | Joe Montana | A contestant in a San Francisco Chronicle contest to give Montana a nickname noted that Montana's real name sounded too much like a nickname and suggested the realistic-sounding "David W. Gibson" as an alternative. Montana was so amused by the suggestion that he had a placard of the name placed on his locker. |
| Deebo[135] | James Harrison | His similarity in appearance and demeanor to the character in the movie Friday played by Tom Lister, Jr. |
| Tyshun "Deebo" Samuel[136] | ||
| Diesel[137] | John Riggins | Because of his powerback style of play—compared to a truck that ran on diesel. |
| Dr. Death[138] | Skip Thomas | Because of his physical tackling, and apparent resemblance to the cartoon character. |
| Dr. Doom[139] | Robert Brazile | Taken from the cartoon character Doctor Doom because he was "death on offensive men". |
| Don't Cross The[140] | Arthur Moats | Name bestowed after Moats laid a clean, but particularly devastating hit on Brett Favre, ending Favre's streak of consecutive starts as well as leading to Favre's retirement at the end of the 2010 season. Moats are large trenches surrounding castles that served as a line of defense. |
| Double Trouble[141] | DeAngelo Williams and Jonathan Stewart | Carolina Panthers running back duo from 2008 to 2014, previously known as Smash and Dash |
| Dougie Fresh[142] | Doug Pederson | A play on the name Doug E. Fresh. Given to Pederson by Jalen Mills. |
| Duck[143] | Devlin Hodges | Hodges, in addition to his football playing, is a world-class champion duck caller.[144][145] |
| Dump Truck[146] | Najeh Davenport | Allusion to an incident which allegedly occurred when he was in college as well as a take on one-time teammate Jerome Bettis' nickname, "The Bus" |
| Dwight Hicks and the Hot Licks[147] | 1984 San Francisco 49ers defensive secondary led by Dwight Hicks | |
| Dynamic Uno[148] | David Wilson | His all-around skills at running back |
| Edge[149] | Edgerrin James | Shortening of his first name |
| Earth, Wind and Fire[150] | Brandon Jacobs, Derrick Ward, and Ahmad Bradshaw | 2008 NY Giants running backs; Jacobs = Earth, Ward = Wind, Bradshaw = Fire |
| ELIte[151] | Eli Manning | Play on his first name, Eli, and the word Elite. Used by New York Giants fans in reference to quarterback Eli Manning claiming that he considers himself in the same elite class of quarterbacks as Tom Brady during a preseason interview. Manning backed up this claim by beating Brady and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLVI |
| The Enforcer[152] | Kenny Easley | Easley rightfully earned his nickname as “The Enforcer” for this style of play on the field.
An all-around great athlete, he earned recognition for his abilities including 5 Pro Bowl selections, 5 total All-Pro selections, AFC Defensive Rookie of the Year honors in 1981, AFC Defensive Player of the Year honors in 1983, NFL 1980s All-Decade Team honors, is in the Seattle Seahawks Ring of Honor and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, despite only playing for seven seasons. |
| The Face Cleaver[153] | Leonard Weaver | |
| Famous Jameis[154] | Jameis Winston | A nod to Winston's high public profile during his college and professional careers, as well as a play on the Famous Amos cookie brand. Winston has filed for a trademark on the nickname. |
| Fast Freddie[155] | Jonathan Smith | After Fred Flintstone—specifically, how Smith's choice of quick, short strides when running resembled Flintstone's when operating the Flintmobile. |
| Fast Willie[156] | Willie Parker | His speed |
| Fatso[157] | Art Donovan | A reference to his large frame. |
| Feeva Island[158] | Jason Verrett | During his media session at the combine, Verrett explained that his nickname is Feeva Island because he's "a player that's always hot" like he has a fever and he often plays man-to-man coverage "on an island." |
| Fitzmagic[159] | Ryan Fitzpatrick | Fitzpatrick has had brief spurts of resounding success, notable examples include when he played with the Buffalo Bills, New York Jets, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Miami Dolphins throughout his long career as an NFL journeyman quarterback. |
| Fitztragic[160] | Ryan Fitzpatrick | Along with those brief spurts of success, Fitzpatrick is also notorious for going on cold streaks and drastrically underperfoming in games for multiple weeks. |
| Flash 80[161] | Jerry Rice | His stunning plays combined with his number, 80 |
| Flash Gordon[162] | Josh Gordon | After the early 20th century multimedia hero Flash Gordon |
| The Samoan Headhunter[163] | Troy Polamalu | His style of diving into receivers and diving into pass paths for interception, and for Polamalu's Polynesian ancestry |
| Fragile Fred[164] | Fred Taylor | Perception of being injured constantly |
| Fredex[165] | Freddie Mitchell | A play on his first name and FedEx. |
| The Freezer[166] | B. J. Raji | A play off the nickname of William "The Refrigerator" Perry whom the Bears utilized in a similar manner during the 1980s. "Freezer" also alludes to the Packers home stadium, Lambeau Field, which is known for its freezing temperatures in December and February. |
| Galloping Ghost[167] | Harold "Red" Grange | |
| The General / General Lee[168] | Sean Lee | The nickname was given to Lee by Bruce Carter, a former teammate of Lee's on the Dallas Cowboys. Carter says that Lee is always in charge and is a great leader. When he talks, everyone listens — "General Lee." The name is also derived from General Robert E. Lee, a former General during the Civil War. But in no ways is the middle linebacker specifically named after the war general. |
| GEQBUS[169] | Sam Darnold | Acronym for God Emperor Quarterback of the United States. Has a subreddit called The_Darnold, which is a parody of R/The Donald. |
| Golden Wheels[170] | Elbert Dubenion | Johnny Green, a backup quarterback on Dubenion's Buffalo Bills, gave Dubenion a backhanded compliment admiring his exceptional speed while claiming he couldn't catch a football: "he's sure got those golden wheels." |
| Gronk[171][172] | Rob Gronkowski | Shortening of his last name which is Gronkowski. Also a play off of the Incredible Hulk due to Rob's size, power, and dominance. |
| Groper Cleveland | Deshaun Watson | A pun on Grover Cleveland, referring to Watson's sexual assault allegations |
| Hausch Money[173][174] | Steven Hauschka | Pete Carroll, head coach of the Seattle Seahawks, coined the nickname in response to Hauschka's ability to kick field goals in clutch situations. The name was revived, possibly independently, when Hauschka joined the Buffalo Bills and continued to make key field goals, often from long range. |
| Headhunter[175] | Jackie Wallace | Wallace led with his head frequently during his playing career, a tactic that in hindsight Wallace suspected may have caused brain damage later in life. |
| He Hate Me[176] | Rod Smart | Self-bestowed nickname Smart used on the back of his jersey during his time in the XFL. Smart credits the nickname with helping him break into the NFL after the XFL folded. |
| Honey Buns[177] | Ben Cavil | Nickname given to him for his sweet tooth. |
| Hopalong[178] | Howard Cassady | A play on his last name and famed Western character Bill "Hop-Along" Cassidy. |
| Horse Whisperer[179] | Ed Oliver | In March 2019, Oliver posted a picture on Twitter of him standing on the back of a horse as a demonstration of his confidence. |
| The Human Joystick[180] | Dante Hall | Nickname given to him by coach Vermeil because of his big play ability in the return game. |
| Iceman[181] | Carlos Huerta | Bestowed in college, Huerta was renowned for keeping his composure (staying cool) in stressful situations. |
| Intellectual Assassin[182] | Ron Mix | Mix had a degree in law at the time he played professional football. |
| Iron Head[183][184] | Craig Heyward | Heyward had an unusually large head, which he often used as a battering ram. |
| Jjettas[185] | Justin Jefferson | Jefferson's Twitter and Instagram usernames. |
| Joe Shiesty and Joe Brr [186] | Joe Burrow | Given to him in a viral TikTok by user TrapHouse Sports. Reasons for the nickname are unknown. |
| Juice | Kyle Juszczyk | Based on his last name.[187] |
| The Juice | O. J. Simpson | A play on the initials he had used as his de facto first name since infancy,[188] a common abbreviation for orange juice.[189] |
| Kansas Comet[190] | Gale Sayers | "Kansas Comet" was stuck on him by the Director of Sports Information at the University of Kansas. |
| Kermit[191]Showtime [192]
The Grim Reaper[193] |
Patrick Mahomes | Based on his voice sounding similar to Kermit the Frog.[194] |
| The Kitchen[195] | Nate Newton | Since he was presumably larger than "William "Refrigerator" Perry" |
| King Henry[196] | Derrick Henry | His height (6 ft 3 in) and imposing stature. |
| The King[197] | Jim Corcoran | A journeyman quarterback whose NFL career was quite brief, Corcoran earned a reputation for pomposity in high school when, coming onto the field in a clean uniform after a rainstorm, he drew a cheer of "hail to the King!" from a spectator. |
| The King[198] | Hugh McElhenny | Because he was "the most feared running back in the NFL." |
| Law Firm[199] | BenJarvus Green-Ellis | Play on the length of his full name and its resemblance to the name of a law firm |
| M-80[200] | Malcom Floyd | His first initial and jersey number combined, also for his deep play ability. |
| Machine Gun Kelly[201] | Jim Kelly | Jim Kelly was perhaps best known for running the Bills' "No-Huddle Offense", which was fast-paced and denied opposing defenses the opportunity to make timely substitutions, establishing the Buffalo Bills as one of the NFL's most successful and dangerous offenses. A reference to mobster Machine Gun Kelly. |
| The Mad Bomber[202] | Daryle Lamonica | Lamonica tended to throw, or "bomb", the ball deep during unnecessary situations. |
| Mad Duck[203] | Alex Karras | Because of his short legs, he appeared to waddle like a duck. |
| The Mad Stork[204] | Ted Hendricks | While playing for the University of Miami, the tall, thin Hendricks gained the nickname “The Mad Stork.” |
| Majik (Man)[205] | Don Majkowski | A play on the quarterback's unwieldy Polish surname. |
| Marion the Barbarian[206] | Marion Barber III | Because of his physical running style and reputation for repeatedly breaking tackles |
| Marks Brothers[207] | Mark Clayton and Mark Duper | Prolific Miami Dolphins wide receiver duo of the 1980s who shared the same first name (also a reference to the Marx Brothers. They were also christened "Mark Twain.") |
| Matty Ice[208] | Matt Ryan | In reference to Matt Ryan's ability to have long game-winning drives under pressure (and pejoratively for Ryan's tendency to go "ice cold" during playoff games); also a play on "Natty Ice", a low-end beer brewed by Anheuser-Busch InBev |
| MCDC[209] | Dan Campbell | Stands For "Motor City Dan Campbell" |
| Mean Joe Greene[210] | Joe Greene | Greene never cared for the nickname |
| Megatron[211] | Calvin Johnson | A reference to his large frame, comparing him to a Transformers character |
| Minitron[212] | Julian Edelman | While not many would draw comparisons between the diminutive Julian Edelman and the monstrous Calvin Johnson, Tom Brady did just that by giving Edelman a new nickname: "Minitron" |
| Mongo[213] | Steve McMichael | Taken from the character in the film Blazing Saddles, played by Alex Karras. |
| Mooney Ward[214] | Charvarius Ward | Given to him in reference to his big-time corner play |
| Moose[215] | Daryl Johnston | Given to him by Cowboys backup quarterback Babe Laufenberg for his blocking ability and opening holes for runningback Emmitt Smith. |
| Mormon Missile[216] | Taysom Hill | The utility player is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. |
| Mudbone[217] | Dave Krieg | Given to him by Seahawks guard Bryan Millard. Krieg became a permanent consistent fixture at QB for the Seattle Seahawks, like a bone in the mud. He was also nicknamed “The Man From Milton” because he went to Milton College which no longer existed by the time he was a starting NFL QB. |
| Muscle Hamster[218] | Doug Martin | Originally the nickname of his college girlfriend who was a short but powerful gymnast and later became Martin's nickname as well due to his short stature. |
| Night Train[219] | Dick "Night Train" Lane | Due to his fear of flying, Lane road a night train to away games while the rest of the team flew. |
| Ocho Cinco[220] | Chad Johnson | Self-bestowed pidgin Spanish reference to his uniform number (85); originally named Chad Johnson, legally changed name to "Chad Ochocinco" in 2008 (changed back to Johnson in 2012). Also self-refers as "Esteban Ochocinco". |
| One Man Gang[221] | Lorenzo Alexander | During his early career, Alexander played multiple offensive and defensive positions. |
| Pacman[222] | Adam Jones | Bestowed in childhood by his grandmother, who surmised he changed directions more often than the popular arcade game character. |
| Papa Bear[223] | George Halas | The founding father of the Chicago Bears |
| Passing Paisano[224] | Tommy DeVito | Nod to his Italian-American Heritage |
| Passtronaut | Josh Dobbs | In addition to being an NFL Quarterback, Dobbs double majored in aerospace engineering while playing for the University of Tennessee Volunteers |
| Pinball[225] | Michael Clemons | The punt returner had a scattershot running style akin to a pinball. Though his NFL career lasted only one season, he achieved much greater fame in the Canadian Football League. |
| The Playmaker[226] | Michael Irvin | For his ability to defeat tight coverage, even double coverage, and make big plays.; possibly self-bestowed |
| Pooh Bear[227] | Clarence Williams | Bestowed by his grandmother due to a childhood resemblance to Winnie-the-Pooh. |
| Poop[228] | Cory Johnson | Johnson once joked that his often fluctuating weight was due to his frequent defecation. |
| Posse[229] | Art Monk, Gary Clark and Ricky Sanders | Trio of wide receivers on the Washington Redskins of the late 1980s through the early 1990s: |
| President[230] | Jamal Adams | His passion, intelligence, and vocal leadership: self-bestowed |
| Presto Podesto from Modesto[231] | Johnny Podesto | His last name and place of birth. |
| Prime Time[232] | Deion Sanders | His ability to step up at critical moments and make big plays; possibly self-bestowed |
| The Prince that was Promised[233] | Trevor Lawrence | His generational talent as an NFL prospect |
| Punt God[234] | Matt Araiza | His punting power |
| Quiet Storm[235] | Marques Colston | Reference to Colston's shyness and ability to make big plays. |
| The Refrigerator / The Fridge[236] | William Perry | His immense size in comparison to other defensive linemen |
| Red Rifle[237] | Andy Dalton | His ability to throw the ball downfield and his red hair. |
| Revis Island[238] | Darrelle Revis | His ability to cover wide receivers was compared to being stranded on an island |
| Riverboat Ron[239] | Ron Rivera | His aggressive nature in playcalling |
| Sausage[240] | Anthony Sherman | Given to him by Kansas City Chiefs play-by-play announcer Mitch Holthus. |
| Shady[241] | LeSean McCoy | His mother gave him the nickname as he had many mood changes when he was young. |
| The Sheriff[242] | Peyton Manning | Well known for calling his own plays at the line of scrimmage and hurry-up offense. |
| Shipwreck[243][244] | John Simms Kelly | A nod to famed pole-sitter Alvin Kelly, also popularly nicknamed "Shipwreck." |
| Shnowman[245] | Dion Dawkins | Dawkins coined the word "shnow"—a contraction of "should know"—that quickly became associated with him when he first used it in high school. |
| Silverback[104][246] | James Harrison | Their strength, which is likened to that of a silverback gorilla |
| Trent Williams | ||
| Sixty Minute Man[247] | Chuck Bednarik | Playing on both offense and defense (and thus playing all sixty minutes of the game); is sometimes applied generally to any player that does this. Bednarik is generally recognized as the last to have done so. |
| Slant Boy [106] | Michael Thomas | His tendency to run slant routes |
| Smash and Dash[248] | Chris Johnson & LenDale White | Running back duo of the Titans starting in 2008; White being Smash for his 'power running back' skills and Johnson being Dash because of his astonishing breakaway speed |
| Smith Brothers or Smith Bros[249][250] | Preston Smith and Za'Darius Smith | Former Green Bay Packers linebacker duo who shared the same last name.[251] |
| Smokey[252] | John Brown | Brown had jet black skin at birth, leading his grandmother to nickname him "Smokey." |
| Snacks, Big Snacks[253] | Damon Harrison | Based on his refusal to eat Rice Krispie Treats left for him by the coaching staff |
| Spiderman[254] | Joe Webb | Drafted as a wide receiver by the Minnesota Vikings, on Brett Favre's insistence Joe Webb was signed to the team as a back-up QB. Went on to lead Vikings to a win in Philadelphia, against Michael Vick and the Eagles playing a must-win game. Lovingly called Spiderman, due to his last name. |
| Stink[255] | Mark Schlereth | A nickname coined by his teammates on the Washington Redskins after peeing himself constantly during his career. |
| Superman Cam[256] | Cam Newton | Due to both his unusually athletic physique and habit of pretending to rip open his jersey to reveal a "S" underneath when scoring a rushing touchdown. |
| Swag Kelly | Chad Kelly | Kelly released a rap song about himself in 2012, and the nickname stuck afterwards.[257] |
| Sweet Feet[258] | James White | A nickname that carried on from high school to the pros due to his quickness while running the ball. |
| Sweetness[259] | Walter Payton | Earned in college at Jackson State University for his slick moves on the field, his amazing dancing skills, and his friendly personality. |
| The Kid[260] | Jared Goff | Often referred to by fans and anchors as "a" or "the" kid because of his facial young look to him. |
| The Terminator | Aaron Donald | A name given by Rams' head coach Sean McVay due to his ability to terrorize opposing offenses.[261][262] |
| The Cowboy | Justin Smith | His Southern accent and his tendency to wear jeans and boots[263] |
| Thunder and Lightning[264][265] | Chuck Muncie and Tony Galbreath | 1976–1980 New Orleans Saints dynamic running back duo known as "Thunder and Lightning". The nickname is credited to former Saints Head Coach Hank Stram. |
| Tommy[266] | E. F. Hughitt | The origin of this early NFL star's nickname remains unknown. It was popular enough that he legally changed his name to Tommy after his playing career ended. |
| Tommy Cutlets [267] | Tommy DeVito | His parents, with whom DeVito still resides as of his rookie professional season, regularly serve chicken cutlets for dinner. |
| Too Tall[268] | Ed Jones | His tall height |
| Touchdown Jesus[269] | Jake Kumerow | Nickname given due to his long hair and thick beard resembling a common depiction of Jesus |
| Tuel Time[270] | Jeff Tuel | A play on the show-within-a-show Tool Time on the 1990s sitcom Home Improvement. |
| Tuna[271] | Bill Parcells | Bestowed in 1980, well after his (very brief) NFL playing career ended, when Parcells was an assistant with the New England Patriots, as an homage to the advertising icon Charlie the Tuna. |
| Two Point Tupa[272] | Tom Tupa | Tupa took advantage of the legalization of the two-point conversion in the 1994 NFL season; as holder on extra points, he picked the ball up and ran for the conversion three times that season, the first NFL player to score that way. |
| Uncle Rico[273] | Kyle Orton | Orton bore a resemblance to Uncle Rico, a washed-up former high school backup quarterback in the movie Napoleon Dynamite, especially during his time with the Buffalo Bills. Prior to his signing with the Bills, he earned the nickname Neckbeard for his facial hair. |
| Weapon X | Brian Dawkins | Over the span of his career, Dawkins developed a reputation as a ball-hawking safety and became the unquestioned leader of the Philadelphia Eagles' defense. He earned the nickname "Weapon X," a codename of Marvel character Wolverine, the comic book superhero known for relentless aggression. |
| The Wheaton Iceman[274] | Harold "Red" Grange | A part-time job he once held delivering ice in his hometown of Wheaton, Illinois |
| Whizzer[275] | Byron White | An alliterative play on his last name and his speed; White, who led the league in rushing in his short three-year NFL career, was dismayed to find the nickname stuck with him well into his legal career (eventually ending up a Supreme Court Justice). |
| Wildman[276][277] | Ray Nitschke and Norm Willey | |
| Williams Wall[278] | Pat Williams & Kevin Williams | The duo is largely responsible for the Vikings fielding such a stiff run defense, and they make it nearly impossible for the opposition to consistently gain yardage between the tackles. |
| Windy City Flyer[279] | Devin Hester | Hester's speed and a nickname for the city of Chicago, in which he plays; bestowed by WBBM 780 radio-announcer Jeff Joniak |
| Wink[280] | Don Martindale | Martindale shares a last name with media personality Winston "Wink" Martindale. |
| Winter Soldier[281] | Josh Allen | NFL Films gave Allen the nickname in reference to his strong arm, imposing size, and Buffalo's cold weather. The "Winter Soldier" name also refers to the Marvel Cinematic Universe character Bucky Barnes and his strong prosthetic arm. |
| WD40[282] | Mike Alstott and Warrick Dunn | For Dunn's initials and Alstott's jersey No. 40, a play on the proprietary lubricant of the same name. |
| X Factor[283] | Dante Hall | Hall's prolific special teams success during his prime was an "X factor," a facet of his team's attack plan that most other teams did not have. In acknowledgement of his nickname, he would make an X gesture with his arms during his touchdown celebrations. |
| Yoda[284] | Steve Largent | For his ability to use the "force" to visualize himself making any catch. |
| Zeus[285] | Travis Kelce | |
| The Predator[286] | John Abraham |
Close
- Big Sombrero:[287] Nickname given to Tampa Stadium, first home of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, so named because of its curved outline that resembled the brim of a sombrero. Raymond James Stadium, the Buccaneers' home since 1998, was christened The New Sombrero by ESPN anchor Chris Berman.[288]
- Black Hole:[289] Name of the section behind the south end zone at Oakland Coliseum, former home of the Las Vegas Raiders, known for having some of the most rabid fans in the NFL. No equivalent exists in Las Vegas's Allegiant Stadium since it eventually opened to the public.[290]
- Dawg Pound:[291] Name of the bleacher section behind the east end zone in Cleveland Browns Stadium, also known for having one of the most loyal fans in the NFL. The name was originally applied to the same section of Cleveland Municipal Stadium, which formerly stood on the site.
- The Death Star:[292] Nickname for Allegiant Stadium, the home stadium for the Las Vegas Raiders, in Paradise, Nevada due to its resemblance to the fictional space station from Star Wars.
- The Factory of Sadness:[293] Cleveland Browns Stadium, home of the Cleveland Browns. Coined in a YouTube video by comedian Mike Polk Jr. after a Browns loss in 2011. The nickname is additionally used as the name of a Browns fan site
- Frozen Tundra (of Lambeau Field):[294] Nickname given to the home field of the Green Bay Packers. The phrase was allegedly first uttered by NFL Films narrator John Facenda as he described the 1967 NFL Championship Game, or "Ice Bowl", during which Lambeau's undersoil heating system failed and the field froze. However, Steve Sabol of NFL Films denies that Facenda used the phrase; it is thought that an impersonation of Facenda by Chris Berman popularized the phrase. Without a heating system, the severe winter climate of Green Bay, Wisconsin would frequently cause the field to freeze.
- House of Pain:[295] the Houston Astrodome during NFL games played by the Houston Oilers. This was during the days that Warren Moon was the quarterback, and the Oilers defense was a force to be reckoned with, particularly during the Jerry Glanville years.
- Jerry World:[296] Nickname for AT&T Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys, after team owner Jerry Jones. The nickname was given to the stadium because of its cavernous nature.
- Levi's South:[297] Nickname for SoFi Stadium, due to the fact that the stadium is frequently invaded by 49ers fans, which forces the Rams to rely on a silent count at home.[298] The nickname refers to the 49ers' Levi's Stadium.
- The Jungle: Home of the Cincinnati Bengals, Paycor Stadium (Previously called Paul Brown Stadium). This nickname carried over from their previous home, Riverfront Stadium.
- Razor:[299] New England Patriots stadium Gillette Stadium.
- Rockpile:[300] The seating section underneath the scoreboard at Highmark Stadium. Considered one of the most raucous environments in the NFL, this section was named after War Memorial Stadium (the home of the Bills prior to Highmark Stadium) which was referred to locally as "The Rockpile" for its decrepitude by the time the Bills began playing there (and led to it being replaced with what is now Highmark Stadium).
- The Roomba: Allegiant Stadium, so nicknamed because of its resemblance to a Roomba automated vacuum cleaner.[301]
- 700 Level:[302] The notorious upper levels of the former Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia between 1971 and 2002. This section was infamous for brawls between Philadelphia Eagles fans and those of visiting teams, especially Dallas Cowboys fans.
- Titletown:[303] Referring to both the city of Green Bay, Wisconsin and the 13-time NFL champion Packers teams, including those of legendary coaches Vince Lombardi and Curly Lambeau.
- The 12th Man/The 12's:[304] Nickname given to the fans of the Seattle Seahawks because of the impact of their loud cheering on the opposing team's offensive linemen, leading to false start penalties. Since 1990, the Seahawks have had to pay licensing fees to Texas A&M University at College Station, because of the college filing a trademark on the phrase that year.[305] Used to a lesser extent by the Buffalo Bills, also under license.
- 49er Faithful: Longtime fans of the San Francisco 49ers as they have been widely known to travel to numerous team away games in support.
- Bills Mafia: A term for the broad community of Buffalo Bills fans, players, coaches and alumni. Prior to the 2010s, Bills fans were officially known as Bills Backers.[306] "Bills Mafia" originated among a group of Bills fans on Twitter circa 2010 and grew in popularity over the decade.
- Bills Elvis:[307] Entertainer and Elvis impersonator John R. Lang, who appears with a large white guitar that he uses as a billboard. He is one of the Bills' most recognizable individual fans and appears regularly in NFL Films productions.
- Black Hole:[308] Las Vegas Raiders fans who formerly sat in a section of the Oakland Coliseum known as the 'black hole' (sections 104, 105, 106, and 107) which is mostly occupied by rowdy fans when the team played in Oakland.
- Boo Birds:[309] Philadelphia Eagles Though used by other teams as well, largely refers to Philadelphia Eagles fans who are known for their tendency to boo for almost any reason and especially at their own team when the Eagles are performing poorly.
- Browns Backers: The fan club for the Cleveland Browns that has over 100,000 members[310]
- Cheeseheads:[311] A name given to people of Wisconsin (mainly Green Bay Packers fans) by Chicago Bears fans after the Bears won the Super Bowl. The name mocks Wisconsin's love of cheese. The name eventually gained acceptance.
- Chiefs Kingdom: Fans of the Kansas City Chiefs.
- Chief Zee:[312] Fan who attended nearly all Washington Redskins games from 1978 to 2016 and was considered the unofficial mascot of the team. He wore an Indian headdress, large rimmed glasses, with a red jacket and carried a tomahawk.
- Fireman Ed:[313] Fan at NY Jets home games who wore a green fireman helmet with a Jets logo on the front. Known for leading the "J-E-T-S" chants. He retired the "Fireman Ed" character immediately after the infamous Butt Fumble game, although he still attends games.
- Flameheads:[314] Fans of the Tennessee Titans wear hats made to look like flames. In Greek Mythology, fire was invented by Prometheus, who was a Titan.
- Franco's Italian Army:[315][316] Fans of Pittsburgh Steelers running back Franco Harris.
- Gerela's Gorillas:[316] Fans of Pittsburgh Steelers placekicker Roy Gerela.
- Hogettes:[317] A group of about twelve Washington Redskins fans who dress in drag and wear pig-noses. The name is a takeoff of the Redskins' "Hogs" offensive line.
- License Plate Guy: New York Giants superfan Joe Ruback, who is known for attending Giants games wearing license plates and Giants apparel. He is famous for having attended all 283 games (272 regular season and 11 playoff) played in the history of Giants Stadium.[318]
- Mobsquad: Was a nickname given to the Los Angeles Rams from their final season in St. Louis until 2018; following their return to Los Angeles. Though officially discontinued by the team after the 2018 season, the name currently refers to a majority of the Rams fans in Los Angeles.
- Never Miss a Super Bowl Club: An exclusive group, who have attended every Super Bowl game to date.
- Pancho Billa: Ezra Castro (1979–2019), a Texas-based Buffalo Bills superfan with a trademark lucha mask whose unsuccessful fight against cancer earned him fame and an appearance at the 2018 NFL Draft.[319]
- Pinto Ron:[320] Ken Johnson, a well-known fan of the Buffalo Bills known for appearing at all the Bills' home and away games, his bushy beard, his tailgating on a 1980 Ford Pinto (hence his name), and the infamous practice of serving shots of liquor out of a bowling ball, a practice that the league has since banned.
- Raider Nation:[321] Las Vegas Raiders fans. The first team in the NFL to be characterized as a "nation". The rest of the teams quickly adopted the title and therefore coined a variety of various team "nations".[citation needed]
- Red Sea: Fans of the Arizona Cardinals
- Steeler Nation:[322][323] Fans of the Pittsburgh Steelers.
- SuperSkin:[324] Die-hard Superfan of the Washington Redskins, who has attended each home game at FedEx Field since 1999 dressed in a burgundy and gold superhero costume while motivating other fans to cheer loudly.
- Who Dat Nation:[325] New Orleans Saints fans.
Throughout the league's history, a number of rules have been enacted largely because of exploits on the field by a single coach, owner, player, or referee. The following is a partial list of such rule changes:
- Bert Emanuel rule:[326] The ball may touch the ground during a completed pass as long as the receiver maintains control of the ball. Enacted in 2000 due to a play in the 1999 NFC championship game, where Emanuel, playing for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, had a catch ruled incomplete since the ball touched the ground.
- Bill Belichick rule:[327] Two defensive players, one primary and one backup, will have a radio device in their helmets allowing the head coach to communicate with them through the radio headset, identical to the radio device inside the helmet of the quarterback. This proposal was defeated in previous years, but was finally enacted in 2008 as a result of Spygate.
- Brian Bosworth rule:[328] Linebackers are allowed to wear jersey numbers between 40 and 49. Named for Bosworth, who unsuccessfully sued the NFL, and had himself listed as a safety, to be allowed to wear the number 44 as a linebacker, the rule was passed long after Bosworth's retirement.
- Bronko Nagurski rule:[329] Enacted in 1933, forward passing became legal from anywhere behind the line of scrimmage. Enacted in response to a controversial call in the 1932 NFL Playoff Game, in which Nagurski completed a two-yard pass to Red Grange for the Chicago Bears' winning touchdown. The rule at the time mandated that a forward pass had to be thrown from at least five yards behind the line of scrimmage. Nagurski appeared to have not dropped back five yards before passing to Grange, but the touchdown stood.
- Calvin Johnson rule:[330] A receiver must maintain possession of the football throughout the completion of the play. This was more precisely a clarification of the existing rules regarding catches, made in 2010 in response to a play by Calvin Johnson, who made a falling catch in the end zone, and placed the ball on the ground soon after he hit the ground and before standing up. This was ruled incomplete upon review, and upheld, though it generated discussion about what constituted a catch.
- Kam Chancellor/Bobby Wagner rule:[331][332][333] Defensive players are now prohibited from running toward the line of scrimmage and leaping or hurdling over offensive linemen on field goal or PAT attempts.
- Deacon Jones rule:[329] No head-slapping. Enacted in 1977 in response to the defensive end's frequently used technique against opponents.
- Deion Sanders rule:[334] Player salary rule which correlates a contract's signing bonus with its yearly salary. Enacted after Sanders signed with the Dallas Cowboys in 1995 for a minimum salary and a $13 million signing bonus. (There is also a college football rule with this nickname.)
- Ed Hochuli rule:[335] Instant replay can be used to determine whether a loose ball from a passer is definitely a fumble or an incomplete pass. This was enacted in 2009 in response to a play in the San Diego Chargers – Denver Broncos Week 2 regular season game where, in the final minutes, referee Ed Hochuli ruled that Broncos quarterback Jay Cutler threw an incomplete pass. Replays clearly showed it was a fumble, but the play was previously not reviewable.
- Emmitt Smith rule:[329] A player cannot remove his helmet while on the field of play, except in the case of obvious medical difficulty. A violation is treated as unsportsmanlike conduct. Enacted in 1997. The Dallas Cowboys running back was the most high-profile player who celebrated in this manner immediately after scoring a touchdown.
- Fran Tarkenton rule:[329] A line judge was added as the sixth official to ensure that a back was indeed behind the line of scrimmage before throwing a forward pass. Enacted in 1965 in response to Tarkenton, who frequently scrambled around in the backfield from one side to the other.
- Greg Pruitt rule:[336] Tear-away jerseys became illegal starting in 1979. Pruitt purposely wore flimsy jerseys that ripped apart in the hands of would-be tacklers. Such a jersey was most infamously seen in a 1978 game between the Rams and Oilers in which Earl Campbell's jersey ripped apart after several missed tackles.
- Hines Ward rule:[337] The blocking rule makes illegal a blindside block if it comes from the blocker's helmet, forearm or shoulder and lands to the head or neck area of the defender. Enacted in 2009 after the Pittsburgh Steelers receiver broke Cincinnati linebacker Keith Rivers's jaw while making such a block during the previous season.
- Jerome Bettis rule:[338] Enacted in 1999, the rule states all calls for coin flips will occur before the referee tosses the coin into the air, and at least two officials will be present during the coin toss. This is in response to a call considered one of the "worst in history."[339] In a Thanksgiving Day game with the Detroit Lions on November 26, 1998, Bettis was sent as the Steelers' representative for the overtime coin toss. Bettis appeared to call "tails" while the coin was in the air, but referee Phil Luckett declared Bettis called "heads" and awarded possession to Detroit, which went on to win the game before Pittsburgh had a chance to have possession.
- Jim Schwartz rule:[340] Modifying the "no-challenge" rule adopted prior to the 2012 season to eliminate the automatic "no-review" penalty when a coach challenges a play that is subject to automatic review by the replay booth (turnovers, scoring plays, and any play inside of the two-minute warning). This change was prompted after the 2012 Thanksgiving Day game when Detroit Lions' head coach Jim Schwartz threw a challenge flag on a play where replay clearly showed Houston Texans' running back Justin Forsett's knee touched the ground, but was able to get up and score a touchdown. Due to the way the rule was written at the time the penalty for the errant challenge prevented the play from being reviewed.[341] Under the revised rule teams will be charged a time-out (or an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty if the team is out of time-outs) when a coach throws a challenge flag on a booth-reviewable play, but the play will still be reviewed if the replay booth believes a review is necessary.[342]
- Ken Stabler/Dave Casper rule:[329] On fourth down at any time in the game or any down in the final two minutes of a half, if a player on the offensive team fumbles, only the fumbling player can recover and/or advance the ball. If that player's teammate recovers the ball, it is placed back at the spot of the fumble unless it is recovered for a loss, which places the ball at the spot of the recovery. However, a defensive player can recover and advance at any time of play. Enacted in 1979 in response to the 1978 "Holy Roller" play that resulted in a last-minute game-winning touchdown over San Diego, in which Oakland Raiders quarterback Stabler fumbled the ball forward, and tight end Dave Casper eventually performed a soccer-like dribble before falling on it in the end zone.
- Lester Hayes rule:[329] No Stickum allowed. Enacted in 1981 in response to the Oakland Raiders defensive back, who used the sticky substance to improve his grip.
- Lou Groza rule:[329] No artificial medium to assist in the execution of a kick. Enacted in 1956 in response to Groza, who used tape and later a special tee with a long tail to help him guide his foot to the center spot of the football.
- Mel Blount rule:[343] Officially known as illegal contact downfield, defensive backs can only make contact with receivers within five yards of the line of scrimmage. Enacted in its current form in 1978. While playing for the Pittsburgh Steelers, defensive back Blount frequently used physical play against receivers he was covering.
- Mel Renfro rule:[329] Allows a second player on the offense to catch a tipped ball, without a defender subsequently touching it. Enacted in 1978. One of the first high-profile "victims" of the old rule was Dallas Cowboys defensive back Renfro in Super Bowl V; his tip of a pass allowed the Baltimore Colts' John Mackey to legally catch the ball and run in for a 75-yard touchdown.
- NaVorro Bowman rule:[344] Enacted in 2014, this rule subjects plays in which a loose ball has been recovered to instant replay. Named for Bowman, who during an incident in the previous season's NFC Championship Game recovered a fumble after the officials had blown the play dead.
- Neil Smith rule:[345][346] Prevents a defensive lineman from flinching to induce a false start penalty on the offense. Enacted in 1998. Smith had frequently used that technique while playing for both the Kansas City Chiefs and the Denver Broncos.
- Odell Beckham Jr. rule: Any player who accumulates two unsportsmanlike conduct penalties in a game is automatically ejected. The original draft of the proposed rule would have counted any two personal fouls toward ejection and drew its name from Beckham, who committed three personal fouls during a game in the 2015 season. The rule, as enacted for 2016, would not have applied to Beckham.[347]
- Phil Dawson rule:[348] Certain field goals can be reviewed by instant replay, including kicks that bounce off the uprights. Under the previous system, no field goals could be replayed. Enacted in 2008 in response to an unusual field goal by the Cleveland Browns kicker in a 2007 game against Baltimore: the ball hit the left upright, then hit the rear curved post (stanchion), then carried again over the crossbar, and landed in the end zone in front of the goalpost. It was initially ruled by the officials as "no good", but was reversed "upon discussion".
- Red Grange rule:[349][350] Prohibits college football players from signing with NFL teams until after their college class had graduated and from playing both college football and in the NFL in the same season. The rule was enacted after Red Grange and Ernie Nevers joined the Chicago Bears and Duluth Eskimos, respectively, immediately after their final college football games in 1925.
- Ricky (Williams) rule:[351] Rule declared that hair could not be used to block part of the uniform from a tackler and, therefore, an opposing player could be tackled by his hair. Enacted in 2003. Rule was so-named after running back Williams' long dread-locks.
- (Dan) Rooney Rule:[352] Requires teams to interview minority candidates for a head coaching opportunity. Enacted in 2003. Pittsburgh Steelers owner Rooney was a major proponent of such a change.
- Roy Williams rule:[353] No horse-collar tackles. Enacted in 2005 after the Dallas Cowboys safety broke Terrell Owens's ankle and Musa Smith's leg on horse-collar tackles during the previous season.
- (Paul) Salata rule:[354] A team is not allowed to pass on a draft pick at the end of the draft in an effort to secure the last pick. Named after Paul Salata, who many years after his playing career established the Mr. Irrelevant ceremony; it became so popular that in the 1979 NFL Draft, the two teams with the last selections repeatedly passed to each other hoping the other would pick and they would get the Mr. Irrelevant publicity, necessitating the rule change.
- Shawne Merriman rule:[355] Bans any player from playing in the Pro Bowl if he tests positive for using a performance-enhancing drug during that season. Enacted in 2007 after the San Diego Chargers linebacker played at the 2007 Pro Bowl after testing positive and serving a four-game suspension during the preceding season.
- Steelers rule:[356] The details have yet to be finalized, but the NFL has announced that in coming seasons, not just players, but teams could face fines if a series of illegal hits is seen from any particular organization. The rule has been met with significant criticisms, understandably from the Steelers organization,[357] and from others[358] that fear the new rules will dampen the spirit of the game and make professional football "too soft".
- Steve Tasker rule:[359] On punt returns, gunners receive a 15-yard unsportsmanlike conduct penalty for deliberately running out of bounds to avoid blocks, a tactic frequently used by Tasker before the rule was implemented.
- Tom Brady rule:[360] A clarification to the Carson Palmer rule; prohibits a defender on the ground from lunging or diving at a quarterback's legs unless that defender has been blocked or fouled into the signal-caller. Enacted in 2009 in response to a play by Kansas City Chiefs safety Bernard Pollard, who on the ground sacked Brady and injured the Patriots quarterback's MCL and ACL, sidelining him for the rest of the 2008 season. Sometimes referred to as the Bernard Pollard rule.
- Tom Dempsey rule:[361][362] Any shoe that is worn by a player with an artificial limb on his kicking leg must have a kicking surface that conforms to that of a normal kicking shoe. Enacted in 1977. Dempsey, who was born without toes on his right foot and no fingers on his right hand, wore a modified shoe with a flattened and enlarged toe surface, generating controversy about whether such a shoe gave him an unfair advantage kicking field goals. Dempsey's game-winning 63-yard field goal in 1970 set the record for longest field goal, a record that held until 2013.
- Ty Law rule (also known as the Rodney Harrison rule):[363] Enacted in 2004, placed more emphasis on the Mel Blount rule. Enacted after Law, Harrison, and the rest of the New England Patriots defense utilized an aggressive coverage scheme, involving excessive jamming of wide receivers at the line of scrimmage, in the 2003 AFC championship game against the Indianapolis Colts.
- The Battle of Los Angeles: The series currently played between the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams as they are the two teams based in Los Angeles. The series originally came into existence in 1982 after the Raiders had relocated from Oakland to Southern California, though the rivalry ended when both teams would relocate following the 1994 season. The series was revived following the Rams and Chargers both relocating back to the city in 2016 and 2017 respectively.
- Bird Gauntlet: The five teams that use a bird-based team name and mascot (Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, Baltimore Ravens, Philadelphia Eagles and Seattle Seahawks). In order to run the bird gauntlet, a team must be scheduled to face all five teams (which, given that four of the five teams are in the NFC, effectively requires a team be in that conference) and defeat them all, which has never occurred. Since the Ravens joined the gauntlet in 1996, no team has successfully run the bird gauntlet; the most recent to fail was the 2022 New Orleans Saints.[364]
- Boise Rule: A rule instituted by the NFL in 2011 banning non-green playing surfaces. "Boise" refers to Albertsons Stadium (then known as Bronco Stadium), the home field of Boise State University, famous for its blue playing surface. The rule was viewed as a reaction to potential sponsor influence, as no NFL team had considered adopting a non-green surface.[365]
- The Duke: A nickname for the late Wellington Mara, longtime owner of the New York Giants. The nickname stems from the Duke of Wellington, an actual English hereditary title. This nickname was extended to the official game ball used by the NFL "The Duke" named in honor of Mr. Mara. To this day one can notice the moniker "THE DUKE." branded into every official NFL football just to the left of the NFL Shield. (In Denver, the same nickname was given to quarterback John Elway, after a teammate noticed that his walk to the huddle before The Drive in 1987 looked like John Wayne's.)[366]
- Harbaugh Bowl: Rare games when brothers John and Jim Harbaugh, both NFL head coaches, met as opponents, which included Super Bowl XLVII, the first Super Bowl in which brothers were opposing coaches. The games have also been given nicknames like the "HarBowl".[367]
- Ickey Shuffle:[368] Dance done by Cincinnati Bengals running back Ickey Woods whenever he scored a touchdown. Woods was forced to move the dance to the sidelines behind the Bengals' bench after officials starting penalizing him for unsportsmanlike conduct.
- K-Gun:[369] Nickname referring to the no-huddle offense used by the Buffalo Bills with quarterback Jim Kelly during the late 1980s and early to mid-1990s. The K in K-Gun comes from "Killer", the nickname given to Kelly's teammate Keith McKeller.
- Lambeau Leap:[370] During home games at Lambeau Field, some players from the Green Bay Packers would leap into the stands after scoring a touchdown. Originally created by LeRoy Butler, it was made popular by Robert Brooks. Players in other stadiums imitate the leap.
- Manning Bowl: Rare games when quarterback brothers Peyton (formerly of the Indianapolis Colts and Denver Broncos) and Eli Manning (New York Giants) met as opponents.
- Mile High Salute:[371] A touchdown celebration used by Denver Broncos running back Terrell Davis during his playing career, in which he would salute his fellow teammates (and sometimes the fans). A simplified variant (including only the salute portion) has been used by Broncos players ever since.
- No Fun League:[372][373] Used by various reports criticizing the league for its sanctions imposed on teams. Popularized by the XFL.
- Quebec Gauntlet: The two teams that are the most popular in the Canadian province of Quebec, that being the New York Giants and the New England Patriots, mostly due to the province’s close proximity to the Canada-United States border with four U.S. states that also form part of the markets of both teams (New York for the Giants; Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine for the Patriots) and the cultural similarities that exist between Quebec, New York City and Boston/Greater New England. Most residents of the province of Quebec catch the U.S. Big Four network affiliates of the Champlain Valley Region (WCAX, WPTZ, WVNY and WFFF) who rely on large numbers of viewers from Quebec due to the province’s population being much larger than the combined population of their main market zones of Plattsburgh, New York and Burlington, Vermont, and all four networks carry heavy amounts of coverage of both teams. A team can run the Quebec Gauntlet in two different ways:
- Be an NFC East division team other than the Giants (Philadelphia Eagles, Dallas Cowboys or Washington Commanders), defeat the Giants in both scheduled division rivalry matchups, and defeat the Patriots as well, all in one season.
- Be an AFC East division team other than the Patriots (Buffalo Bills, New York Jets or Miami Dolphins), defeat the Patriots in both scheduled division rivalry matchups, and defeat the Giants as well, all in one season.
- Red Gun: The offense of Jerry Glanville when he was with the Atlanta Falcons[374]
- Sack Dance:[375] New York Jets defensive end Mark Gastineau was nationally famous for doing his signature "Sack Dance" after sacking an opposing quarterback. However, he had to stop when the NFL declared it "unsportsmanlike taunting" in March 1984 and began fining players for it.
- Snoopy Bowl: Annual preseason game (week 3) between the New York Giants and the New York Jets. The name was coined in 2010 when New Meadowlands Stadium was renamed to MetLife Stadium (at the time Snoopy was the mascot for the company).
- Tebowing:[376] A pose imitating Tim Tebow's stance when praying.[377]
- Terrible Towel:[378] a banner conceived by the late Myron Cope (long time Steeler commentator) used by fans of the Pittsburgh Steelers to cheer for their team, consisting of a yellow towel with the words "Terrible Towel" in black, to be waved in the air. The Carolina Panthers also began a spin-off known as the "Growl Towel".[379] Also spoofed by the Packers following their third Super Bowl victory as the "Title Towel". Similar traditions have also started in other sports, as Towel Power used by the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League and the Homer Hanky used by Major League Baseball's Minnesota Twins.
- Tush Push:[380] A variant of the QB sneak created by the Philadelphia Eagles under Jalen Hurts where the Eagles' O-line and other offensive players "push" Hurts further than a normal QB sneak usually for a touchdown. Also known as the Brotherly Shove or Rugby Sneak.[381]
- War Room:[382] Another term for the Draft Room, a room at a team's main office space where team executives and others prepare for and make selections during the NFL Draft every year.
- Bishop, Greg (February 4, 2010). "Beneath Brown Bags, Saints Had Loyal Fans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- "NFL Films: The Dallas Cowboys". Amazon. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "A look back at the many New York Giant handles, aliases, and nicknames". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the NY Giants". Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "The Best NFL Defensive Unit Nicknames". Bleacher Report. August 7, 2010. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- Roth, Leo. Bills East vs. Bills West Archived December 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. 23 October 2001.
- Banks, Don. AFC is where all the action is lately Archived December 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. SI.com. 19 October 2001.
- "Steelers' D making a name for itself". NFL.com. Archived from the original on November 1, 2005. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "NFL Beat: Rhodes' Warriors need a nickname". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. September 23, 2003. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
- "Why Patriots defensive players nicknamed themselves 'The Boogeymen'". October 26, 2019. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- "Scary-good Patriots 'Boogeymen' lead NFL's top D". October 29, 2019. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- "Boston TE party: Gronkowski unstoppable for Patriots". NFL.com. January 19, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- "Boston's TE Party: Patriots' Gronkowski & Hernandez Key to Offensive Juggernaut". Bleacher Report. January 25, 2012. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
- "No. 16: Chargers' best draft class". ESPN.com. March 28, 2009. Archived from the original on January 14, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
The 2001 class was good, but the 1975 class ranks the best. San Diego had four of the first 33 picks in the draft, and the Chargers selected three defensive linemen that would form the nucleus of "The Bruise Brothers" and once formed three-fourths of the AFC Pro Bowl defensive line.
(subscription required) - Goldstein, Richard (September 19, 2001). "Tank Younger, 73, First Star From Black College to Play in N.F.L., Dies". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2008.
- "Houston Texans Blog". Archived from the original on December 8, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- Jason La Canfora. "Cincinnati Bungles". Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
- "Cardinal Chronicle XX". Archived from the original on March 2, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "NFL Playoffs Begin with Wild Card Weekend". Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Cardiac Cats strike again". NFL.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
- "Reebok Detroit Lions Cardiac Cats T-shirt". Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
- "No Lions comeback this time: Cardiac Cats rest easy". Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
- "Leftwich, Cardiac Jags Stun Kansas City". Archived from the original on September 8, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- "Da Bears Fan Blog". Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Oregonian/OregonLive, Billy Gates | The (January 21, 2015). "New England Deflatriots? NFL finds Patriots deflated 11 balls in 'Deflategate' AFC title game: report". oregonlive. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Atlanta Falcons". Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Dallas Cowboys". Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "November in Buffalo Bills History". Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Pats embrace image as new Evil Empire". Mike Celizic. MSNBCj. September 17, 2007. Archived from the original on September 6, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
- "Don Shula on Patriots: 'the Spygate Thing Has Diminished What They've Accomplished'". Michael David Smith. AOL Sports. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the LA Rams". Archived from the original on January 1, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Strahan re-signs with G-Men". NFL.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Where Are They Now? William Thomas". Archived from the original on March 17, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "New York Jets Fan Site". Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Nesbitt, Andy. "Sam Darnold said 'I'm seeing ghosts' during awful MNF performance and fans crushed him". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "Rams Greatest Show or Turf Toe". Retrieved January 18, 2007.[permanent dead link]
- "Pyros cannot escape Lyons den". Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Kawakami, Tim (September 2, 1992). "FOOTBALL DAILY REPORT : RAMS : Just Call Him 'Air Chuck'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- "Patriots 4-1 at bye; return to action Oct. 22". Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- "Joe Bugel". Archived from the original on December 31, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Nickname for the Jaguars' secondary? Jackson 5 has a nice ring to it". October 13, 2017. Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
- "Class is in session at Jeff Stoutland University". Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Cleveland Browns". Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Miami Dolphins". Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Sports news". bolavip.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- "'Legion of Zoom': Speed of Chiefs' pass-catchers 'unstoppable'". ESPN.com. August 28, 2019. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
- CJOnline Blogs – Martyball: The way it's played Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
- "'pound Machine' Hits Only Sour Notes". Archived from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- "Dolphins Revived by Their Defense : Raiders: Rookies, castoffs make Miami No. 1 heading into Monday night's game against L.A". Los Angeles Times. November 18, 1990. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
- "The Cards' dream season in '47". History Release. Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
- Tameta, Andre. "San Francisco's Million Dollar Backfield: The 49ers' Fabulous Foursome". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
- Dodd, Mike (November 11, 2005). "Monsters of the Midway finally Bearing (sic) their teeth". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- The Wall Street Journal, 31 October 2009
- "Jets' 'New Jack City' DBs look to 'control the airways'". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
- "Sack Exchange Had a Brief, but Glorious, Run". NFL.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- New York Newsday, December 8, 2002, page 38, Jets Confidential Magazine, Vol 10, Num. 16, page 23 Time to Take Stock Of Sack Exchange / Defensive unit considers its place in history Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- "Flashback: Playing to perfection". NFL.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2005. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Gehrke helped build "Orange Crush"". NFL.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "'72 Redskins haven't lost their spirit". NFL.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "New England: Patsies No More". Time. October 18, 1976. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Purple People Eaters". Archived from the original on October 9, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "An Unkindness of Ravens; a Murder of Crows. Naming Things". JF Ptak Science Books. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Sack Pack". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- "Upon further review: Week 13". NFL.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "San Diego Super Chargers Song". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
- "San Diego Super Chargers". YouTube. Retrieved November 1, 2007.[dead YouTube link]
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Pittsburgh Steelers". Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Fans name D-line the 'Sons of Anarchy'". go.com. November 13, 2013. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Eskenazi, Gerald (January 17, 1989). "SUPER BOWL XXIII; Bengals Hope Defense Will Stay Offensive". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 20, 2017. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- "Denver Broncos: Elway – Through the Years: 1987". Archived from the original on June 3, 2004. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
- "Sports E-cyclopedia: Dallas Cowboys, see 2005". Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2007.
- SFGATE, Alex Shultz (October 27, 2020). "Everything to know about the origins of the 49ers' YAC Bros". SFGATE. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
- "Deebo Samuel gives awesome 'YAC Bros' nickname to 49ers' pass catchers". RSN. October 7, 2020. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
- Smith, Katherine; Keith Morelli (January 24, 2008). "Bucs' Alstott 'Sad To Be Walking Away'". Tampa Tribune. Archived from the original on August 15, 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- "'Call Me Mr. Big Chest': Antonio Brown's Offseason Grows Even More Bizarre - CBS Boston". www.cbsnews.com. February 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- Reno, Harrison (July 21, 2023). "'Action Jackson' Time In Baltimore?". Sports Illustrated Baltimore Ravens News, Analysis and More. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- White, Chelsea Lenora (October 24, 2023). "Action Jackson: Lamar Leads Ravens to Big Win". Forward Times. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- Miller, Hallie (December 1, 2019). "You've heard about Lamar Jackson, the star Ravens QB. Here's what we know about Lamar Jackson, the person". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- "Green, Monk Selected to NFL Hall of Fame". Washington Redskins. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
- "At 216 Games, Green Does His Energizer Imitation". Washington Post. August 3, 1998. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2007.
- "Fred 'Air' McNair's legacy lives on at Alcorn State". Andscape. February 2, 2017. Archived from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- "Adrian Peterson, Ex-Oklahoma Running Back". CNN. February 20, 2007. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- Crowe, Jerry (July 10, 2011). "Ambrose Schindler followed his own road to success at USC and beyond". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
- "The "Amish Rifle" Shaves the Beard". YNN. March 1, 2011. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
- Bauer, Ted (July 28, 2008). "Six Click: Devin Hester". ESPN The Magazine. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- Carillo, David. "Jack Tatum #32 The man, the legend, the "Assassin"". Raiderdrive.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
- "Andre Rison Nicknamed Bad Moon Rison". todaynewsgazette.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Terrell Suggs explains Ball So Hard University". tribunedigital-baltimoresun. November 9, 2011. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- "Ed Reed is making the wrong decision". ESPN.com. June 2014. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- Lewis, Derek (June 1, 2016). "Seattle Seahawks S Kam Chancellor's nickname explained". 247Sports. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
- "HALL OF FAMERS – Lance Alworth". Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- "Bass-O-Matic! Announcer loses it over Tyler Bvass 59-yard moonshot FG". NFL.com. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
- "Beanie Wells Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- "Beanie Eberts Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- Caple, Christian. Beast Mode goes Speak Mode, optimistic about Seahawks running game Archived October 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
- "Players react to GM Brandon Beane's extension". News 4 Buffalo. December 11, 2020. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
- DePaula, Nick; Rovell, Darren (November 24, 2017). "Big Baller Brand set to deliver to customers, fulfilling LaVar's vision". ESPN. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
- "Official Site of Ben Roethlisberger". Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
- "His Hugeness : Ohio State's Dan Wilkinson, All 308 Pounds of Him, Is Fulfilling Family Responsibility as NFL's Top Draft Prospect". LA Times. April 22, 1994. Archived from the original on December 2, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Oliver, Greg, "The brief career of 'Big Daddy' Lipscomb"[usurped] , SLAM! Sports Bio, September 9, 2005
- "I am Connor Barwin, a Philadelphia Eagles linebacker, a music lover, a philanthropist, a renaissance man. AMA". Reddit. May 19, 2014. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
- Macy, Evan (January 8, 2019). "How did Big Dick Nick (Foles) get his provocative nickname?". PhillyVoice. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
- Thomas, Jim (October 15, 2009). "A big deal, even in teal". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- Brown, Scott (August 19, 2007). "What's in a Steelers' nickname". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- "Martellus Bennett: Martellus Bennett believes he's the complete package for Chicago Bears". Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Why Seahawks' Jamal Adams and Saints' Michael Thomas are suddenly underrated superstars". Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
- "Phil Robertson and Terry Bradshaw to Attend Thursday's Football Game". September 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Tax, Jeremiah (December 17, 1984). "A Passel Of Pro Football Immortals Recall The Early Days Of The Game". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- "Anthony Dixon on why he's now 'Boobie Dixon' on Bills' official roster". syracuse.com. August 14, 2014. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Depression almost ended the life of ex-NFL QB Erik Kramer. A sham marriage and alleged theft threatened to break him again". Yahoo Sports. August 18, 2020. Archived from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
- Gilmartin, Matthew. "Top 10 Nicknames in Sports". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- "Joe Namath - Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". www.profootballhof.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Jets RB Breece Hall is Back Where He Belongs: On the Football Field". Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
- "Per WWL". wwl. December 16, 2009. Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
- "Syracuse Dazzles Brown Eleven". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 10, 1918. p. 36. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
- "John Barsha". orangehoops.org. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - "How Did 'Buck' Allen Get His Nickname?". Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "CNNSI.com – Pro Football – Ex-Olympic star, Cowboy Bob Hayes dies – Friday September 20, 2002 02:32 AM". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on March 11, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- Young, Matt. "How Houston Oilers legend Bum Phillips really got his name". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- D. Orlando Ledbetter (October 3, 2013). "Falcons miss RB Michael "The Burner" Turner in the red zone". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "Official Site of Jerome Bettis". Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
- Schudel, Matt (December 3, 1989). "Butch & Sundance The Miami Dolphins' Jim Kiick And Larry Csonka Have Gone Separate Ways Since They Ambled Into Miami 21 Years Ago On Their Way To Forging One Of The Greatest Football Teams Ever". The Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "NFL's best current-player nicknames". May 6, 2010. Archived from the original on February 27, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- Edwards, Trent (May 6, 2010). "Captain Checkdown Has A Sidekick In Spiller". Archived from the original on February 26, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2010.
- Wise, Mike (January 7, 2006). "Captain Chaos Enjoying the Ride". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Clarke, Liz (November 21, 2015). "'Captain Kirk' Cousins may boldly go where few Redskins quarterbacks have gone". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "Dallas Cowboys legend Roger Staubach & original Captain Comeback sees same genius in Eli Manning". New York Daily News. October 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "Tyreek Hill Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "Chris Johnson Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- Walters, John (October 16, 2013). "Where Have You Gone, Concrete Charlie?". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Ross, J.R. (January 28, 2004). "Elroy 'Crazy Legs' Hirsch dies at age 80". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "Player On The Spot: Chris Chandler". Chicago Tribune. September 10, 1999. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- NJ.com, Ryan Dunleavy | NJ Advance Media for (August 17, 2019). "Danny Dimes! What Daniel Jones and Giants teammates think of QB's new nickname". nj. Archived from the original on September 23, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Callahan, Tom (1999). "Bring in 'da Funk – golfer Fred Funk". findarticles.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- Lawrence, Andrew (February 11, 2009). "The Eyes Of The Storm". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- Jeyarajah, Shehan. "South Carolina WR Deebo Samuel explains origin of his nickname". SEC Country. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
- "Talking Peace and Pork Chops". Time. January 23, 1984. Archived from the original on March 2, 2008. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
- "Former Raiders cornerback 'Skip' Thomas dies". San Jose Mercury News. July 25, 2011. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "2018 Hall of Fame: Robert Brazile got 'Dr. Doom' nickname approval from legendary broadcaster". yahoo! sports. July 31, 2018. Archived from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Skurski, Jay (October 12, 2011). Moats is back in his comfort zone Archived October 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. The Buffalo News. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- "Thriller Intro :: Double Trouble 34 28 ::". Archived from the original on February 7, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2010. Double Trouble's official website
- "Doug Pederson's Year 2 transformation: From 'Skinny Andy' to 'Dougie Fresh'". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- Pryor, Brooke (October 11, 2019). "Duck tales: The surprising, duck-calling, record-breaking ride for Steelers QB Devlin Hodges". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Russell, Jake (October 13, 2019). "Meet Devlin Hodges, a duck-calling champion and the Steelers' newest starting quarterback". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- "Devlin Hodges: Calling Ducks or Calling Football Plays". mossyoak.com. January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- "Time to put fantasy into trades". Archived from the original on July 13, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
- Rosaforte, Tim (January 20, 1985). "Secondary To None Hicks & Licks May Be League's Best, And They're Out To Prove It". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- "Dynamic Uno David Wilson Knows Parody Football Player Nickname T Shirt". wwwbstshirtscom. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- "Seahawks add Edge to running game". Archived from the original on August 28, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
- LaPointe, Joe (September 15, 2008). "Three Elements Fuse in Giants' Backfield". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2009.
- "FOX Sports Accidentally Anointed Eli Manning With a Weird Nickname We Should Definitely Use From Here on Out". Complex. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- "Kenny Easley Seattle Seahawks - Player BIO". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
- "Leonard Weaver Stats | Pro-Football-Reference.com". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- "Winston files trademark for 'Famous Jameis'". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
- "16 Buffalo Bills with the best and worst nicknames of all time". December 29, 2021. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
- "Willie Parker Wants To Be A Steeler Again". CBS Pittsburgh. May 13, 2011. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Skutch, Jan (August 5, 2013). "Artie "Fatso" Donovan – gone but never forgotten". Savannah Morning News. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Administrator, System. "2014 NFL combine: TCU cornerback Jason Verrett shows what 'Feeva Island' is all about". www.ohio.com. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- Jung, Alyssa. Bills Fall to Bengals Archived October 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 10, 2011. "It's not uncommon for a team to score a sensational cover like the Bills did last week (words like STAMPEDE and FitzMagic were used) and then have a [nearly avoided it] loss befall them."
- Wagner-McGough, Sean. Archived April 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- "Nike Launches Jerry Rice Tribute Shoe". NBC Bay Area. April 10, 2014. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Thompson, John B. (August 31, 2015). "Josh Gordon: Will 'Flash' Ever Find His Way?". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 5, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "Steelers' Troy Polamalu: The Samoan Headhunter". Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- Long, Mark (September 1, 2011). "Fred Taylor retiring after 13 seasons, 1 Pro Bowl". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
- Jenkins, Lee (2005). "The Eagles' Mitchell Is Ready for Another Close-Up". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
- sportsvide0s (January 23, 2011). "B.J Raji TD vs Bears and funny celebration-NFC Championship". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2017 – via YouTube.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - "Red "The Galloping Ghost" Grange". College Football Hall of Fame. Football Foundation. 1951. Retrieved November 20, 2009. "named the Galloping Ghost because no one could catch him".
- "Top Dallas Cowboys nicknames on the 2015 roster". Dallas Cowboys. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- Larrabee, Kirk (March 13, 2023). "5 things to know about new 49ers QB Sam Darnold". 49ers Webzone. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
- Hornell Fred (July 11, 2017). "Top ten wide receivers in Bills history". Buffalo Rumblings. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
- "Boston TE party: Gronkowski unstoppable for Patriots - NFL.com". www.nfl.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Report: Rob Gronkowski 50/50 to Play for Patriots Against Buccaneers on Sunday". nesn.com. September 17, 2013. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Seahawks 'Hausch Money' helps kick some money over to local charity for children". q13fox.com. May 5, 2016. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "K Stephen Hauschka is a major part of the Bills recent success". usatoday.com. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Jackson, Ted (February 3, 2018). "The search for Jackie Wallace". New Orleans: The Times-Picayune. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- MLB's nickname gimmick won't solve baseball's mounting age issues Archived August 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- Klingaman, Mike (December 7, 2007). "At home". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Former Lion Hopalong Cassady passes away at 85". NFL.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- "Oliver: "I just want to come in and compete"". April 26, 2019. Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- "Dante Hall Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "Huerta Keeps Foot On The Clutch For 'canes". orlandosentinel.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Hall of Famers " RON MIX". Profootballhof.com. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
- Idec, Keith. "Heyward remembered fondly at memorial service"[permanent dead link], Herald News, June 9, 2006. Accessed July 12, 2007. "Heyward played 11 NFL seasons for five franchises and was a Heisman Trophy candidate his junior season at Pitt. But it is what he did during his remarkable run at Passaic High School that they remember most fondly."
- Litsky, Frank. "Craig Heyward, Who Was N.F.L.'s Ironhead, Is Dead at 39" Archived May 30, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, May 29, 2006. "He would lower his head into tacklers' stomachs, and one opponent said it hurt so much that Heyward's head had to be made of iron. Once, Heyward said, a youngster clubbed him over his size 8¾ head with a billiard cue. The cue broke in half."
- "One of league's best receivers got his nick name from his instagram and twitter". espn.com. March 11, 2023. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
- "Joe Burrow's nicknames, explained: From 'Joey Franchise' to 'Joe Shiesty,' all of Bengals' QB's monikers". www.sportingnews.com. January 22, 2022. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- "5 Things to Know about 49ers FB Kyle Juszczyk". www.49ers.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- O.J. Simpson - Tonight Show - 1979 (YouTube). NBC. December 23, 2017 [1979]. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021.
- Moran, Patrick (June 15, 2010). "Top 20 Bills All-Time Draft Picks: Joe DeLamielleure (#8)". Buffalo Sports Daily. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2010.
- "Hall of Famer Q&A with Gale Sayers". Pro Football Hall of Fame. December 6, 2001. Archived from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
- Brown, LaDarius (February 7, 2023). "Patrick Mahomes shares a unique response to being compared to Kermit the Frog". www.sportskeeda.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- "Quarterback Lead Actor Patrick Lavon Mahomes II Has a Sensational Story Behind His Nickname". EssentiallySports. July 18, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- "Patrick Mahomes is well-suited for his new nickname, The Grim Reaper". Arrowhead Addict. January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
- "Does Patrick Mahomes actually sound like Kermit the Frog? An investigation". For The Win. October 3, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- Kindred, Dave (August 12, 2001). "Bodies So Powerful, Yet So Vulnerable". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- Sobleski, Brent. "In QB-Obsessed NFL, 'King' Derrick Henry Is Making the Case to Sit on MVP Throne". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2023.
- Thom Loverro, A journeyman on the field but always a 'King' off of it Archived March 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Times, July 23, 2009, retrieved May 10, 2010.
- "'The King' But not at the bank, says Hugh McElhenny". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. November 8, 1979. p. 22. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Orr, Conor (August 13, 2015). "BenJarvus Green-Ellis' agent in touch with teams". NFL.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "On Brink of Retirement, Emotions Fly High for Malcom Floyd". December 17, 2015. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Jim Kelly:NFL Hall-of-Fame Quarterback". www.bigspeak.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2010.
- Dickey, Glenn (December 19, 2004). "Where Are They Now / Daryle Lamonica / 'The Mad Bomber' / Quarterback guided Raiders' long-ball attack". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "Top Ten Not in HOF: Alex Karras". NFL.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- "Ted Hendricks Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
- Goldberg, Dave (September 5, 1990). "Packers Majik Man ends holdout". Spokane Chronicle. (Washington). Associated Press. p. D2. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
- "By any name, 'Marion the Barbarian' a vital part of Cowboys offense". ESPN.com. Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- "Miami Dolphins to Honor Marks Brothers". Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- "Matt Ryan Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "Joe Greene Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- Rosenblatt, Richard (October 7, 2011). CJohnson, Sproles, Hester among most explosive. Associated Press. Retrieved October 10, 2011. "Calvin Johnson, wr, Lions: First, the 6-foot-5, 236-pounder leaped over three defenders for an acrobatic 23-yard TD that pulled Detroit within 30-24, then leaped maybe even higher on 2-yarder scoring pass with 1:39 left that completed a 34-30 comeback over the Cowboys. So now, "Megatron" is in the NFL history books as the first player with two TD catches in each of the first four games of a season."
- "Julian Edelman has a new nickname: Minitron". December 2, 2013. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
- "Former Chicago Bears Steve "Mongo" McMichael said he's running for mayor - ESPN Chicago". Espn.go.com. August 16, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- "'Mooney' has been money: Charvarius Ward providing 49ers big-time corner play". ESPN.com. November 9, 2022. Archived from the original on March 1, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
- Merten, Sam (December 30, 2010). "Top 10 Best Draft Picks of the Jerry Jones Era - Dallas - Sports - Sportatorium". Blogs.dallasobserver.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- Williams, Charean (January 17, 2019). "Sean Payton: Taysom Hill runs like Fred Flintstone". Pro Football Talk. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
- Fonsworth, Clare (September 23, 2004). "Seahawks/NFL: 'Mudbone' embodied Hawks' grit". SeattlePI.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- "Friend who stuck Doug Martin with 'Muscle Hamster' label: Too late to change". October 29, 2015. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Night Train Lane Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "Chad Ochocinco changes his name back to Johnson". nbcsports.com. July 23, 2012. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Tinsman, Brian (June 27, 2012). "Alexander The Face Of Roster Versatility". Redskins.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
- "No more Pacman? Jones wants to drop nickname". AOL Sports. June 22, 2008. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 23, 2008.
- Gutierrez, Theresa. "George "Papa Bear" Halas honored with 'Hometown Hall of Fame'". ABC7 Chicago. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Tommy DeVito files trademarks for Tommy Cutlets, Passing Paisano". December 21, 2023.
- "argonauts.ca - Michael "Pinball" Clemons". October 5, 2008. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008.
- "Michael Irvin: 2007 Hall of Fame enshrinement speech". August 5, 2007. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- "Clarence Williams". Buffalo Bills. Archived from the original on October 11, 1999. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
- Brady, James (February 13, 2019). "Yes, Poop Johnson is a real player in the CFL". SBNation.com. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- "Washington Redskins: Skill Positions". Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- McInerney, Billy (July 26, 2019). "The Jets Cabinet: Who Fits Into The Room?". Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
- Agostini, Ron (November 20, 2015). "'Presto Podesto from Modesto' had skills". The Modesto Bee. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Brent Jones (June 30, 2007). "No. 16: Deion played his way into 'Prime Time'". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
- Durgin, Matthew (June 17, 2020). "Trevor Lawrence Breakdown: The Prince That Was Promised". Weekly Spiral.
- Johnson, Richard. "How Will Punt God Bless the NFL?". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on April 30, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
- Dabney, Shaneika. "Heartwarming Children's Book Based on Saints' Marques Colston". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2011.
- "Then & Now: William "The Refrigerator" Perry". CNN. June 19, 2005. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
- "Andy Dalton Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "NYC mayor Michael Bloomberg changes Manhattan to Revis Island". Sports Illustrated. January 22, 2010. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
- "Ron Rivera Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "Upon Further Review: Coach Reid's Monday Recap". KCChiefs.com. December 16, 2013. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
- "LeSean McCoy Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "The Sheriff: Record-setting Peyton Manning breeds hope, faith, and confidence". Mike Revell. Mirror. November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- "Shipwreck Kelly Dies; Football Star in 30's Archived June 13, 2020, at the Wayback Machine." The New York Times 25 August 1986: 6. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 December 2011.
- Wittingham, Richard (September 1, 2014). We Are the Giants!: The Oral History of the New York Giants. Triumph Books. ISBN 9781629370095 – via Google Books.
- "20 questions with Bills T Dion Dawkins". www.buffalobills.com. August 9, 2018. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
- "Trent Williams' Silverback nickname makes John Thompson uncomfortable". ProFootballTalk. August 10, 2011. Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- "Sixty minute man". Ron Flatter. ESPN. Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- Huber, Bill (January 16, 2020). "Watch: Smiths Went From Longtime Friends to 'Brothers'". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- Rivera, Samantha (January 16, 2020). "Smith 'Brothers' have helped push Packers closer to the Super Bowl". mystateline.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
- "Packers Agree to Extension with Preston Smith, Release Za'Darius Smith". March 14, 2022. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- Urban, Darren. "Smokey Brown and his statue". Arizona Cardinals. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
- "Jets rookie Damon Harrison earns nickname big snacks, motivated by rice krispie treats he won't eat". September 7, 2012. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- "Helping To Build New Minnesota Vikings Stadiums Since May 10, 2012". Archived from the original on June 28, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
- "Mark Schlereth Earned His Nickname "Stink" by NOT Holding It In During Football Games | FAIR GAME". Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2020 – via www.youtube.com.
- "Jerry Richardson Happy With His Panthers". Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
- Yurkanin, Justin (September 18, 2015). "The rap video Ole Miss QB Chad Kelly should have made". al. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
- Reiss, Mike (June 24, 2017). "The legend of 'Sweet Feet': How James White got his unique nickname". ESPN. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- "ESPN Classic - Sweetness ran and ran and ran". espn.go.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Turney, John (November 19, 2016). "Pro Football Journal: Jared Goff: You're Up, Kid". nflfootballjournal.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Sean McVay reveals new nickname for Aaron Donald". NFL.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- "Sean McVay: The Terminator will be ready". January 13, 2021. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- "Merrill: Justin Smith just does his job". ESPN.com. January 29, 2013. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
- "Thunder and Lightning - Chuck Muncie and Tony Galbreath". Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
- Goldstein, Richard (May 14, 2013). "Chuck Muncie, Troubled N.F.L. Star, Dies at 60". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Tommy Hughitt Dies in Florida". The Escanaba Daily Press. December 29, 1961. p. 3. Archived from the original on May 27, 2015. Retrieved May 7, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
- "How the Giants QB earned the nickname "Tommy Cutlets"". December 15, 2023.
- "Too Tall Jones Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
- "Jake Kumerow lands on Buffalo Bills practice squad". 247Sports. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
- "Injuries have Bills reeling at quarterback". go.com. August 25, 2013. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Bill Parcells "The Tuna"". chickenortuna.com. 1997. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2010. "I think it goes back to my first time with the Patriots. There was an old commercial from StarKist with Charlie the StarKist tuna. So my players were trying to con me on something one time, and I said, 'You must think I'm Charlie the Tuna.'"
- "Throwback Thursday: Two Point Tupa". clevelandbrowns.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Rose, Bryan (October 1, 2014). Kyle Orton looks like Uncle Rico from Napoleon Dynamite Archived October 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. FanSided (Sports Illustrated). Retrieved October 6, 2014.
- Schwartz, Larry. "Galloping Ghost scared opponents". ESPN. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
- Jan Crawford Greenburg (2007). Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court. Penguin Group. ISBN 9781594201011. Archived from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
- "Ray Nitschke Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- "Norm Willey Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- "Vikings' Williams Wall takes on NFL in court Monday". USA Today. Associated Press. March 7, 2010. Archived from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- Fred Mitchell (November 15, 2007). "Bears broadcasters avoid excuses". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 11, 2008.[permanent dead link]
- Bena, John (January 28, 2010). "Wink gets the Call - Martindale to lead Broncos defense". Mile High Report. Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- NFL. "Josh Allen is the Winter Soldier for a Reason". YouTube. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
- Didtler, Mark (November 2, 1998). "Bucs Answer Wake-up Call". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
- Jenkins, Lee (February 1, 2007). "Bears' Hester Emerges From the Tall Grass". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 22, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- Davis, Nate (October 23, 2015). "Seahawks great Steve Largent was nicknamed for 'Star Wars' character". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 21, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
- Thorman, Joel (March 20, 2015). "This Travis Kelce interview is awesome". Arrowhead Pride. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Falcons' 'Predator' claims position of envy among pass rushers". NFL.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
- "Adios, Sombrero". Archived from the original on January 21, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Raymond James Stadium". Archived from the original on January 10, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Black Hole: Just Scare 'Em, Baby". The San Francisco Chronicle. January 11, 2001. Archived from the original on May 23, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Dahlberg, Tim (September 18, 2020). "Raiders ready for big opening act on Las Vegas Strip". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- "Dawg Pound". Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Bleacher Report". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
- "The Factory Of Sadness (A Cleveland Browns Fan's Reaction To Today's Game Against Houston)". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
- "Sports E-Cyclopedia History of the Green Bay Packers". Archived from the original on December 16, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Chapter 12: The House of Pain". Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007. Note that in rugby union circles, the nickname refers to Carisbrook, a stadium in Dunedin, New Zealand.
- "'Majestic' Jerry World named 3rd-best stadium in NFL". May 29, 2018.
- Cabanatuan, Michael (January 30, 2022). "49ers fans make SoFi Stadium their version of Levi's South". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- DaSilva, Cameron. "Matthew Stafford would prefer not to use silent count at home due to crowd noise". USA TODAY. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
- "Patriots Season Predictions". Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Buffalo Bills Ticket Seating Chart". Archived from the original on January 13, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "NFL fans can't stop comparing the Raiders' new Allegiant Stadium to a Roomba". CBSSports.com. May 15, 2020. Archived from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
- "Memories not all bad for this vet of the Vet". NFL.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2005. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Biever, Vernon J.; Strupp, Peter (1997). The Glory of Titletown. Taylor Trade. ISBN 0878339906.
- "The 12th Man". Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
- "'12th man' for everyone: Seattle, A&M resolve dispute". ESPN.com. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Bills Backers United – Fan Site". Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Bills Elvis". billselvis.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Official Raider Nation Site". Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "BooBirds trademark info site". Archived from the original on August 24, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2012.
- "Browns Backers Worldwide register 100,000th member". Archived from the original on November 23, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2013.
- "Official Cheesehead Site". Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Argetsinger, Amy; Roberts, Roxanne (September 14, 2007). "Super-Fan Chief Zee's Heartfelt Comfort to the Enemy". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- "Official Here's to you, New York". Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- "TENNESSEE TITANS: FLAME BROTHER". Vice.com. September 23, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
- "Franco's Italian Army Fan Site". Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Michael Bradley (January 27, 2006). "Legendary Steelers owner forged a blue-collar legacy". SeattlePI.com. Retrieved December 12, 2008.[dead link]
- "Official Hogettes Site". Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "NY Giants fan Joe Ruback, who spent $12,000 for tickets to Sunday's NFC Championship Game vs. San Francisco 49ers, eats, sleeps and breathes Big Blue - NY Daily News". New York Daily News. October 31, 2013. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- Anstey, Evan (May 14, 2019). "Buffalo Bills super-fan Pancho Billa dies". WIVB-TV. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- Gola, Hank (October 16, 2011). Buffalo Bills, off to a 4–1 start and ready for NY Giants Sunday, have fans & players thinking big
- "Oakland Raiders -- Fans". Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Pittsburgh Steelers Nation Site". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
- "Pittsburgh Steelers - Steelers Nation Connect". steelers.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- "Video of SuperSkin dancing". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "About.com Article about the Who Dat's". Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007.
- "Buccaneers.com – The Answer Man, Series 3, Vol. 7". January 16, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2006.
- "Hair length proposal delayed until May; defensive helmet radios approved". ESPN. April 1, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
- "Rules of the Name, or How The Emmitt Rule Became the Emmitt Rule". Professional Football Researchers Association. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
- "Calvin Johnson catch: Another silly NFL rule". SFGate. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- Condotta, Bob (March 28, 2017). "NFL approves ban against players leaping over the line of scrimmage to block field goals, PATs". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- Patra, Kevin. "NFL bans line leaping, approves ejections for head hits". NFL.com. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- Kapadia, Sheil (March 20, 2017). "Kam Chancellor, Bobby Wagner not happy with potential FG-leap rule". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- Pasquarelli, Len (July 20, 2001). "CBA inertia? It's a first-rounder's main problem". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 7, 2006.
- "NFL adopts 'Hochuli rule' to make loose balls reviewable". USA Today. March 26, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2009.
- "Raider Rules". raidershistory.net. February 21, 2007. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
- Bouchette, Ed (March 24, 2009). "NFL approves 'Hines Ward rule'". Post-Gazette. Retrieved September 28, 2009.
- "The Jerome Bettis Coin Flip Game". Bleacher Report. September 15, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- "The List: Worst calls in history". ESPN.com "Page 2". 2001. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- Rosenthal, Gregg (March 20, 2013). "NFL rule changes cause controversy, draw ire". NFL.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- Garafolo, Mike (November 23, 2012). "Giants owner wants challenge rule reviewed (and changed)". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 23, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- "2013 Official Playing Rules of the National Football League" (PDF). National Football League. 2013. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
- DeFazio, Tony (January 27, 2007). "Up Close with Mel Blount". Pittsburgh Sports Report. Archived from the original on January 4, 2007. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- Corbett, Jim (March 27, 2014). New NFL rules include more fumble reviews, higher goalposts. USA Today. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
- Goldberg, Dave (March 26, 1998). "Upon further review, replay is dead --again". SouthCoastToday.com. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
- Freeman, Mike (March 29, 1998). "PRO FOOTBALL: NOTEBOOK; Now They All Want To Be in Cleveland". The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2006.
- "NFL owners approve 'Odell Beckham Rule,' players will be tossed after two 'unsportsmanlike conduct' penalties". New York Daily News. March 23, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
- "Owners table re-seeding playoffs proposal; pass other rules". ESPN.com. April 1, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
- Chris Willis (2003). "Joe Carr VisionU" (PDF). Coffin Corner. 25 (5). Professional Football Researchers Association: 1–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2010.
- "'Red Grange Rule' stops Davis' entry". Latrobe Bulletin. AP. October 12, 1985. Retrieved May 23, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- Wickersham, Seth (March 27, 2008). "Hair today, gone tomorrow?". ESPN The Magazine. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
- "Garber: The Rooney Rule opened doors". ESPN.com. February 1, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- Gosselin, Rick (May 26, 2005). "'Roy Williams Rule' passed by NFL owners". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on May 5, 2005. Retrieved July 7, 2006.
- Merron, Jeff (April 18, 2005). "The strangest NFL draft moments". ESPN. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
- Klis, Mike (February 7, 2007). "Chargers LB supports the "Merriman Rule"". Denver Post. Retrieved February 28, 2007.
- "NFL Announces "The Steelers Rule"". NBC DFW. May 25, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- Bell, Jarrett (May 25, 2011). "NFL seeks to hold teams accountable for flagrant fouls". USA Today. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- "'Steelers Rule' will make NFL too soft". Fox Sports. May 31, 2011. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- Graham, Tim (December 14, 2010). "Steve Tasker on Sal Alosi uproar: So what?". NFL Nation Blog. ESPN. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
- Gasper, Christopher L. (March 24, 2009). "Brady rule: Steps taken to protect QBs' knees". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- "Rules of the Name, or How the Emmitt Rule Became the Emmitt Rule". Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2010. Professional Football Researchers Association
- "Official NFL Rulebook 2006" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2010. See Rule 5, Section 3, Article 3 Paragraph (g)
- "NFL.com – Laying down the Law in New England". NFL.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2005. Retrieved July 7, 2006.
- "New Orleans Saints have a chance at the "Bird Gauntlet"". KLFY.com. October 6, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
- Rosenthal, Gregg (March 22, 2011). "There will be no blue NFL fields". Pro Football Talk. NBC Sports. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
- Heisler, Mark (January 27, 1988). "Go Deep! I'll Hit Ya' : John Elway: He's a Living Legend, on the Field and in Comic Books". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
- Fendrich, Howard (January 21, 2013). "Harbaugh brothers take 49ers, Ravens to Super Bowl". Comcast SportsNet Chicago. Archived from the original on January 13, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2013.
- "Will the Ickey Shuffle Rise Again?". ABC News. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Colts Attack Draws References to K-Gun". Archived from the original on November 10, 2006. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Greatest Moments in Lambeau Field History". Archived from the original on April 19, 2005. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- Traditions: Mile High Salute Archived October 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Denver Broncos official Web site. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- Kevin Fixler, Special to SI.com (September 21, 2012). "NFL players taking to the trend of customized facemasks – NFL". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- "Saints penalty: Since when NFL stand for 'No Fun League'? – Baltimore Sun". Articles.baltimoresun.com. March 23, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
- Fischer, Pat (January 4, 1992). "'RED GUN' OFFENSE A PASSING FANCY". Retrieved December 29, 2017 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
- "ESPN Classic - Gastineau, King of Sack". www.espn.com.
- Introducing Tebowing. It's like planking, but dumber. Yahoo! Sports (October 27, 2011). Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- Tebow: 'Tebowing' craze a 'blessing'. Fox Sports (October 30, 2011). Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- "Terrible Towel Official Site". Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- "Official Growl Towel". Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- "The Philadelphia Eagles' 'tush push' is becoming the NFL's most unstoppable play". AP News. September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
- "What is a war room in the NFL Draft?". February 24, 2022.
