List_of_Islamic_years

List of Islamic years

List of Islamic years

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This is a list of Hijri years (Latin: anno Hegirae or AH) with the corresponding common era years where applicable. For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given.

The first Hijri year (AH 1) was retrospectively considered to have begun on the Julian calendar date 15 July 622 (known as the ‘astronomical’ or ‘Thursday’ epoch, Julian day 1,948,439) or 16 July 622 (the ‘civil’ or ‘Friday’ epoch, Julian day 1,948,440), denoted as "1 Muharram, AH 1". Years prior to this are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijra").[1]

In principle, each Islamic month begins with sighting of the new crescent moon (after a New Moon) at sunset. Because of this, the calendar is dependent on observational conditions and cannot be predicted or reconstructed with certainty, but tabular calendars are in use which determine the dates algorithmically. Because of this, dates may vary by up to two days between traditions or countries.

Medieval

c. 53 BH (c. 570 CE) Birth of Muhammad[2]

Early Muslim conquests

Main articles: Early Muslim conquests, Rashidun, and Umayyad Caliphate

AH 1 (15/16 Jul 622 – 3/4 Jul 623) AH 10 (631/632): death of Muhammad;[3] Muslim conquest of the Levant (AH 12–18), AH 20 (640/641): Muslim conquest of Egypt (AH 19–21), AH 30 (650/651),AH 40 (660/661), AH 50 (670/671), AH 60 (679/680): AH 61: martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali (Arabic: الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب), AH 70 (689/690), AH 80 (699/700), AH 90 (708/709), AH 100 (718/719), AH 110 (728/729), AH 120 (737/738), AH 130 (747/748); AH 140 (757/758);

Islamic Golden Age

Main article: Islamic Golden Age

AH 150 (767/768), AH 200 (815/816), AH 250 (864/865), AH 300 (912/913), AH 350 (961/962), AH 400 (1009/1010), AH 450 (1058/1059), AH 500 (1106/1107), AH 550 (1155/1156), AH 600 (1203/1204), AH 650 (1252/1253);

Ilkhanate

Main articles: Ilkhanate, Timurid Empire, and Mamluk Sultanate

AH 700 (1300/1301), AH 750 (1349/1350); AH 800 (1397/1398), AH 850 (1446/1447), AH 900 (1494/1495);

Early Modern

Muslim Empires

Main articles: Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and Mughal Empire

AH 950 (1543/1544), AH 960 (1552/1553), AH 970 (1562/1563), AH 980 (1572/1573), AH 990 (1582/1583): declaration of the Gregorian calendar AH 1000 (1591/1592), AH 1010 (1601/1602), AH 1020 (1611/1612), AH 1030 (1620/1621), AH 1040 (1630/1631), AH 1050 (1640/1641), AH 1060 (1649/1650), AH 1070 (1659/1660), AH 1080 (1669/1670), AH 1090 (1679/1680), AH 1100 (1688/1689), AH 1110 (1698/1699), AH 1120 (1708/1709), AH 1130 (1717/1718), AH 1140 (1727/1728), AH 1150 (1737/1738), AH 1160 (1746/1747), AH 1170 (1756/1757), AH 1180 (1766/1767), AH 1190 (1776/1777), AH 1200 (1785/1786), AH 1210 (1795/1796), AH 1220 (1805/1806), AH 1230 (1814/1815), AH 1240 (1824/1825), AH 1250 (1834/1835), AH 1260 (1844/1845), AH 1270 (1853/1854), 3/4 Oct 1853– 23/24 Sep 1854.

Modern

1297 AH to 1399 AH (1879 to 1978 CE)

More information Islamic, Gregorian date of 1 Muharram (tabular schemes) ...

1400 AH to 1499 AH (1979 to 2075 CE)

More information Islamic, Gregorian date of 1 Muharram (tabular schemes) ...

See also

References

Citations

  1. [1]
    "Hijri Calendar". sharjah.ae. Government of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Archived from the original on 22 February 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2017..
  2. [2]
  3. [3]
    Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam, page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
  4. [4]
    Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), volume 23, Issues 27-39, 1979, p. 14
  5. [5]
    ""Islamic New Year Observed Today; President Airs Wish for Peace on Amon Jadid Exhorts Muslims to Assist in Nat'l Resurgence" – Manila Bulletin, January 20, 2007".[dead link]
  6. [6]
    "Islamic New year to be observed on 11th January | AAJ News". Aaj.tv. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  7. [7]
    Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1430 AH
  8. [8]
    Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1431 AH. Not seen in Saudi Arabia; "The sky was cloudy which could be the reason of not seeing the crescent. Anyway, it was officially announced that Friday [18th Dec] is the first day of Muharram."
  9. [9]
    Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1432 AH; seen in Algeria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Africa.
  10. [10]
    Islamic Crescents' Observation Project, Visibility of Muharram Crescent 1433 AH
  11. [11]
    "Praying, fasting to herald in Islamic New Year". Guyanatimesinternational.com. 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  12. [12]
    "Important dates in Islamic Calendar in the Year 2024". Al-Habib.info. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

Bibliography

  • Caetani, Leone, Chronographia Islamica, ossia riassunto cronologico della storia di tutti i popoli musulmani dall’anno 1 all’anno 922 della Higrah (622–1517 dell’Èra Volgare), corredato della bibliografia di tutte le principali fonti stampate e manoscritte, (Paris: Librairie Paul Geuthner, [1912/22])[only 5 fascicles, covering the period 1 to 132 AH (622/23 to 749/50 CE), were published].
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