Joshua Mercer Goar (January 31, 1870 – April 4, 1947), was an American professional baseball player who was a pitcher in the National League in 1896 and 1898. Listed at 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) and 160 pounds (73 kg), he threw and batted right-handed.

Goar pitched in four major league games; three games for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1896 and one game for the Cincinnati Reds in 1898, all in relief.^[1] In a total of 15+1⁄3 innings pitched, he allowed 40 hits and 36 runs while striking out three batters and walking nine batters.^[1][2] As a batter, he had one hit in six at bats for a .167 batting average.^[1]

Minor league records, incomplete for the era, list Goar as playing in the Western League during 1895–1897, and for the Indianapolis Hoosiers in 1900.^[3]

Goar is noted for an unusual inning pitched when playing for the minor-league Anderson Tigers in the Indiana State League.^[4] On May 30, 1890, he reportedly allowed six hits (three triples, one double, and two singles) in a single inning without a run scoring.^[4] The unusual sequence of events included two runners being tagged out at the plate, and the final out coming when a batted ball hit a baserunner (which officially credits the batter with a hit).^[5]

Goar was born in New Lisbon, Indiana, in 1870, and he died in 1947 in New Castle, Indiana.^[1] He was survived by his wife and two daughters.^[6]