Johann Gottlieb Walter (1 July 1734 – 4 January 1818) was a German physician, specialising in human anatomy.

Walter was born in Königsberg. He studied in Königsberg and Berlin under Johann Friedrich Meckel von Hemsbach and Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn. He was awarded a medical degree at Frankfurt (Oder) in 1757. After Meckel's death, he became professor of anatomy in Berlin in 1774.^[1]

Walter started and maintained a large collection and museum of anatomical samples, which was bought for 100.000 Thaler by the state, and became the foundation for the anatomical-zoological museum of the Berlin Academy.^[1]

Walter died in Berlin.

• Theses anatomico-physiologicae, dissertationi de emissariis Santorini praemissae (Königsberg 1757).
• Observationes anatomicae (Berlin 1775).
• Epistola anatomica de venis oculi summatim et in specie de venis oculi profundis, retinae, corporis ciliaris, capsulae lentis corporis vitrei et denique de arteria centrali retinae (Berlin 1778).
• Tabulae nervorum thoracis et abdominis (Berlin 1783),^[1] in 1804 published in English as "Plates of the Thoracic and Abdominal Nerves, Reduced from the Original as Published by Order of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin".
• Myologisches Handbuch (Berlin 1795).
• Abhandlung von trocknen Knochen des menschlichen Körpers (Berlin 1798).
• Museum anatomicum per decem lustra congestum, (1805).^[2]