Jean-Paul Pier (July 5, 1933 – December 14, 2016) was a Luxembourgish mathematician, specializing in harmonic analysis and the history of mathematics, particularly mathematical analysis in the 20th century.

Jean-Paul Pier was a graduate student in Luxembourg and at the universities of Paris and Nancy. He earned a University of Luxembourg doctorate in mathematical sciences and a French doctorate in pure mathematics. He also spent six months at the Grenoble Nuclear Research Center (1961) and a year at the University of Oregon (1966-1967).

He taught mathematics at the Lycée de Garçons in Esch-sur-Alzette from 1956 to 1980. In 1971 he created the Séminaire de mathématiques^[3] at the Centre universitaire de Luxembourg (now the University of Luxembourg). He was a professor at the Centre from its creation in 1974 until 1998, when he retired as professor emeritus.^[4]

Pier was primarily responsible for the creation in January 1989 of the Luxembourg Mathematical Society,^[5] of which he was president from 1989 to 1993 and again from 1995 to 1998. He was during the academic year 1994–1995 a visiting professor at the Université catholique de Louvain.

Pier was the editor of two scholarly anthologies, which are standard works on the history of 20th-century mathematics. He organized several colloquia and conferences in Luxembourg. He was active internationally in various scientific bodies, including NATO Science for Peace and Security and UNESCO.

• Amenable locally compact groups, Wiley, 1984.
• Amenable Banach algebras, Longman, 1988.^[6]
• L'Analyse harmonique. Son développement historique, Masson, 1990.
• Histoire de l'intégration, vingt-cinq siècles de mathématiques, Masson, 1996.
• Mathematical Analysis during the 20th century, Oxford University Press, 2001^[7]
• Mathématiques entre savoir et connaissance, Vuibert, 2006.
• Development of Mathematics 1900-1950, edited by Jean-Paul Pier, Birkhäuser, 1994.^[8]
• Development of Mathematics 1950-2000, edited by Jean-Paul Pier, Birkhäuser, 2000.^[9][10]
• Gabriel Lippmann. Commémoration par la section des sciences naturelles, physiques et mathématiques de l’Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg du 150^e anniversaire du savant né au Luxembourg lauréat du prix Nobel en 1908, J.-P. Pier et J. A. Massard, éditeurs, 1997 (lire en ligne).
• Le Choix de la parole, Lethielleux/DDB, 2009.