James Michael Cavanaugh (July 4, 1823 – October 30, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota and a delegate from the Territory of Montana. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, July 4, 1823 and received an academic education. He engaged in newspaper work, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1854 and began practice in Davenport, Iowa. He then moved to Chatfield, Fillmore County, Minnesota, in 1854 and continued the practice of law; upon the admission of Minnesota as a State into the Union, in 1858, was elected as a Democrat to the thirty-fifth congress and served from May 11, 1858, to March 3, 1859; unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1858 to the thirty-sixth congress; moved to Colorado in 1861 and resumed the practice of law; also engaged in mining; member of the State constitutional convention in 1865; moved to Montana in 1866; as a Democrat, he was elected a delegate to the fortieth and forty-first congresses (March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1871); unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1870; engaged in the practice of law in New York City; returned to Colorado in 1879 and settled in Leadville, where he died October 30, 1879. He is buried in the Greenwood Cemetery in New York City.

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James Michael Cavanaugh
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota's at-large district
In office May 11, 1858 – March 3, 1859
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	William Windom
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana Territory's at-large district
In office March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1871
Preceded by	Samuel McLean
Succeeded by	William H. Clagett
Personal details
Born	(1823-07-04)July 4, 1823 Springfield, Massachusetts
Died	October 30, 1879(1879-10-30) (aged 56) Leadville, Colorado
Resting place	Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York City
Nationality	American
Political party	Democratic

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On May 28, 1868, Cavanaugh stated within the House of Representatives - "I like an Indian better dead than living. I have never in my life seen a good Indian - and I have seen thousands - except when I have seen a dead Indian." Similar statements were also ascribed to civil and Indian war general Philip Sheridan, although he always denied making them. ^[1]