ILGA-Europe
ILGA-Europe
Part of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
ILGA-Europe is the European region of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. It is an advocacy group promoting the interests of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people, at the European level. Its membership comprises more than 500 organisations from throughout Europe and Central Asia. The association enjoys consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council[2] and participatory status at the Council of Europe.[3]
 | This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. (August 2020) |
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| Formation | 1996 |
|---|---|
| Purpose | lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) rights |
| Headquarters | Brussels, Belgium |
Region served | 47 countries in the Council of Europe; Belarus, Kosovo & Central Asia |
Membership | 500+ member organisations[1] |
Executive Director | Evelyne Paradis |
Main organ | ILGA |
Staff | 24 |
| Website | ilga-europe.org |
ILGA-Europe was founded in 1996, when its parent organisation, the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, established separate regions.[1] It took over responsibility for supporting the development of the LGBT movement in Europe including Transgender Europe, Inter-LGBT, and for relationships with the European Union, Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.[1]
Initially ILGA-Europe worked entirely on the basis of volunteer resources. However, in 2001, its potential contribution to the European Union's anti-discrimination policies (established under Article 13 of the Treaty of Amsterdam) was recognised through the provision of core funding, currently through the PROGRESS Programme.[4] This enabled ILGA-Europe to set up an office in Brussels, to recruit permanent staff, and to conduct an extensive programme of work in relation to sexual orientation discrimination within the EU Member States and the accession countries.[4] Financial support from the Sigrid Rausing Trust, the Open Society Institute, Freedom House, the US State Department and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands allows ILGA-Europe to extend its work in areas not covered by EU funding, including Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and on transgender issues.[4]
ILGA-Europe has hosted its annual conference at the end of October, since 2000, where member organisations elect the executive board and decide on the next year's working priorities.[5]
ILGA-Europe works to promote equality and non-discrimination for LGBTI people in asylum, education, employment, family law, freedom of assembly, hate crime, hate speech and health; and works worldwide to protect human rights defenders, trans people and intersex people.[6] The Association provides funding and training for its 500 member organisations, "to maximise efficiency and the use of resources by LGBTI organisations in working towards achievement of their goals; to maximise the impact of advocacy work at the European level; to ensure sustainability of the LGBTI movement in Europe."[7]
ILGA-Europe works with EU Institutions, the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe to promote equality by lobbying and advocacy, including supporting the adoption of the proposed EU Anti-Discrimination Directive, that would ban discrimination on the grounds of age, disability, religion or belief and sexual orientation in all areas of EU competence.[8] It also uses strategic litigation at the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice to end discrimination, by identifying gaps in protections, encouraging organisations and individuals to develop court cases, and support such cases with legal resources and amicus curiae briefs.[9]
For the 2014 European Parliament election, ILGA-Europe promoted its Come Out 2014 European Election Pledge to candidate MEPs, which focused on priority LGBTI issues for the 2014–2019 Parliament: an EU roadmap on LGBTI equality; EU human rights enforcement; completing the EU Anti-Discrimination directive; combating homophobic and transphobic violence; an inclusive definition of 'family'; trans rights and depatholigisation; action against school bullying; health discrimination and inequalities; LGBTI asylum seekers; and making the EU champion LGBTI rights worldwide.[10] 187 elected MEPs (25 percent) signed the pledge, including 83 members of the PES, 14 ALDE members and 14 from the EPP.[11]
Today ILGA-Europe has more than 20 staff who work in four areas: Advocacy, Communications, Finance and Administration, and Programmes. All are based at the organisation's office in the European Quarter in Brussels.
Each May, ILGA-Europe releases its Rainbow Europe review, to mark the International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia. It reviews the human rights situation and assesses what life is like for LGBTI people in every European country, covering discrimination, family recognition, hate speech/crimes, gender recognition, freedom of assembly, association and express, and asylum laws. Since 2016 Malta has topped the rankings; in 2021 it was rated to have 94% progress toward respect of human rights and full equality, and in 2023 sits 13% ahead of Belgium and the Denmark in joint second place. In 2023 Azerbaijan was ranked as the worst for LGBTI equality, scoring just 2%, closely followed by Russia, Armenia and Turkey. The biggest increase since the 2013 review, was that of Malta - increasing by 54%, followed by Luxembourg with a 40% gain.[12] A summary of all Rainbow Europe scores since 2013 (when scores were standardised as a %) are given in the table below, as well as a comparison with the scores as released in 2013 and 2023.[13] The most significant deterioration in LGBTI rights is that of the UK, that has decreased 33% from a peak of 86% in 2015.[12][14]
| Country | Overall by Year | Change from 2013 to current score (2023)[15][16] | Change from previous peak year(s) to current score (2023) | Rankings | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013[17] | 2014[16] | 2015[18] | 2016[19] | 2017[20] | 2018[21] | 2019[22] | 2020[23] | 2021[24] | 2022[25] | 2023[15] | Peak Year(s) | Change from Peak | Current | Highest | Lowest | ||
 Albania |
38% | 38% | 42% | 34% | 33% | 33% | 31% | 31% | 33% | 32% | 35% | -3% | 2015 | -7% | 26 | 16 | 28 |
 Andorra |
21% | 21% | 31% | 32% | 35% | 35% | 28% | 35% | 35% | 32% | 37% | 16% | 2023 | 0% | 24 | 22 | 34 |
 Armenia |
8% | 9% | 9% | 7% | 7% | 7% | 7% | 8% | 8% | 8% | 8% | 0% | 2014-15 | -1% | 46 | 46 | 48 |
 Austria |
43% | 52% | 52% | 64% | 56% | 56% | 50% | 50% | 50% | 48% | 49% | 6% | 2016 | -15% | 18 | 12 | 18 |
 Azerbaijan |
8% | 7% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | -6% | 2013 | -6% | 49 | 47 | 49 |
 Belarus |
14% | 14% | 14% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 12% | 12% | 12% | -2% | 2013-15 | -2% | 45 | 39 | 45 |
 Belgium |
67% | 78% | 83% | 82% | 72% | 79% | 73% | 73% | 74% | 72% | 76% | 9% | 2015 | -7% | 2 | 2 | 4 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
20% | 20% | 29% | 39% | 31% | 31% | 31% | 37% | 40% | 38% | 40% | 20% | 2021, 2023 | 0% | 22 | 21 | 35 |
 Bulgaria |
18% | 30% | 27% | 24% | 23% | 24% | 13% | 20% | 20% | 18% | 20% | 2% | 2014 | -10% | 38 | 25 | 41 |
 Croatia |
48% | 56% | 71% | 67% | 62% | 51% | 47% | 46% | 46% | 45% | 49% | 1% | 2015 | -22% | 18 | 5 | 19 |
 Cyprus |
20% | 20% | 18% | 32% | 29% | 29% | 23% | 31% | 31% | 31% | 31% | 11% | 2016 | -1% | 29 | 26 | 37 |
 Czech Republic |
35% | 35% | 35% | 32% | 29% | 29% | 26% | 26% | 26% | 26% | 26% | -9% | 2013-15 | -9% | 33 | 18 | 33 |
 Denmark |
57% | 60% | 68% | 71% | 68% | 68% | 68% | 68% | 64% | 74% | 76% | 19% | 2023 | 0% | 2 | 2 | 10 |
 Estonia |
29% | 35% | 34% | 36% | 33% | 39% | 35% | 38% | 38% | 36% | 36% | 7% | 2018 | -3% | 25 | 19 | 25 |
 Finland |
47% | 45% | 62% | 75% | 68% | 73% | 69% | 66% | 65% | 60% | 70% | 23% | 2016 | -5% | 6 | 4 | 17 |
 France |
64% | 64% | 65% | 67% | 71% | 73% | 63% | 56% | 57% | 64% | 63% | -1% | 2018 | -10% | 10 | 4 | 13 |
 Georgia |
21% | 26% | 36% | 30% | 26% | 26% | 30% | 30% | 27% | 25% | 25% | 4% | 2015 | -11% | 34 | 22 | 34 |
 Germany |
54% | 56% | 56% | 55% | 54% | 59% | 47% | 51% | 52% | 53% | 55% | 1% | 2018 | -4% | 15 | 12 | 16 |
 Greece |
28% | 31% | 39% | 58% | 47% | 52% | 49% | 48% | 47% | 52% | 57% | 29% | 2016 | -1% | 13 | 13 | 24 |
 Hungary |
55% | 54% | 50% | 51% | 45% | 47% | 41% | 33% | 33% | 30% | 30% | -25% | 2013 | -25% | 30 | 11 | 30 |
 Iceland |
56% | 64% | 63% | 59% | 47% | 47% | 47% | 54% | 54% | 63% | 71% | 15% | 2023 | 0% | 5 | 5 | 18 |
 Ireland |
36% | 34% | 40% | 55% | 52% | 52% | 47% | 52% | 53% | 53% | 54% | 18% | 2016 | -1% | 16 | 14 | 22 |
 Italy |
19% | 25% | 22% | 29% | 27% | 27% | 22% | 23% | 22% | 25% | 25% | 6% | 2016 | -4% | 34 | 32 | 36 |
 Kosovo |
14% | 17% | 18% | 32% | 30% | 33% | 28% | 35% | 35% | 35% | 35% | 21% | 2020-23 | 0% | 26 | 24 | 39 |
 Latvia |
20% | 20% | 18% | 18% | 17% | 16% | 17% | 17% | 17% | 22% | 22% | 2% | 2022-23 | 0% | 37 | 33 | 41 |
 Liechtenstein |
16% | 18% | 19% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 14% | 18% | 19% | 20% | 20% | 4% | 2022-23 | 0% | 38 | 35 | 40 |
 Lithuania |
21% | 22% | 19% | 18% | 17% | 21% | 23% | 23% | 23% | 24% | 24% | 3% | 2022-23 | 0% | 36 | 30 | 39 |
 Luxembourg |
28% | 28% | 43% | 50% | 46% | 47% | 70% | 73% | 72% | 68% | 68% | 40% | 2020 | -5% | 7 | 2 | 28 |
 Malta |
35% | 57% | 77% | 88% | 88% | 91% | 90% | 89% | 94% | 92% | 89% | 54% | 2021 | -5% | 1 | 1 | 18 |
 Moldova |
10% | 17% | 16% | 11% | 13% | 13% | 14% | 19% | 20% | 21% | 39% | 29% | 2023 | 0% | 23 | 23 | 45 |
 Monaco |
10% | 10% | 11% | 11% | 10% | 10% | 11% | 11% | 11% | 13% | 13% | 3% | 2022-23 | 0% | 44 | 43 | 46 |
 Montenegro |
27% | 47% | 46% | 45% | 39% | 38% | 36% | 62% | 63% | 63% | 61% | 34% | 2021-22 | -2% | 12 | 8 | 26 |
 Netherlands |
60% | 70% | 69% | 66% | 64% | 60% | 50% | 62% | 61% | 56% | 56% | -4% | 2014 | -14% | 14 | 4 | 14 |
 North Macedonia |
13% | 13% | 13% | 18% | 16% | 14% | 11% | 25% | 27% | 27% | 29% | 16% | 2023 | 0% | 32 | 31 | 44 |
 Norway |
66% | 68% | 69% | 76% | 78% | 78% | 68% | 68% | 67% | 68% | 67% | 1% | 2017-18 | -11% | 9 | 2 | 9 |
 Poland |
22% | 28% | 26% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 18% | 16% | 13% | 13% | 15% | -7% | 2014 | -13% | 42 | 28 | 42 |
 Portugal |
65% | 67% | 67% | 76% | 69% | 69% | 66% | 66% | 68% | 62% | 62% | -3% | 2016 | -14% | 11 | 4 | 11 |
 Romania |
31% | 28% | 28% | 23% | 21% | 21% | 21% | 19% | 19% | 18% | 18% | -13% | 2013 | -13% | 41 | 21 | 41 |
 Russia |
7% | 6% | 8% | 7% | 6% | 11% | 10% | 10% | 10% | 8% | 8% | 1% | 2018 | -3% | 46 | 45 | 49 |
 San Marino |
14% | 14% | 14% | 14% | 12% | 12% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 14% | 14% | 0% | 2013-16, 2022–23 | 0% | 43 | 39 | 44 |
 Serbia |
25% | 30% | 29% | 32% | 30% | 30% | 28% | 33% | 33% | 37% | 35% | 10% | 2022 | -2% | 26 | 23 | 28 |
 Slovakia |
27% | 31% | 29% | 29% | 28% | 29% | 30% | 30% | 30% | 34% | 30% | 3% | 2022 | -4% | 30 | 23 | 32 |
 Slovenia |
35% | 35% | 32% | 43% | 44% | 48% | 40% | 42% | 42% | 42% | 46% | 11% | 2018 | -2% | 21 | 17 | 25 |
 Spain |
65% | 73% | 69% | 70% | 67% | 67% | 61% | 67% | 65% | 62% | 74% | 9% | 2023 | 0% | 4 | 3 | 11 |
 Sweden |
65% | 65% | 72% | 65% | 60% | 60% | 62% | 63% | 65% | 68% | 68% | 3% | 2015 | -4% | 7 | 4 | 12 |
 Switzerland |
29% | 29% | 28% | 33% | 31% | 38% | 31% | 36% | 39% | 42% | 47% | 18% | 2023 | 0% | 20 | 20 | 30 |
 Turkey |
14% | 14% | 12% | 9% | 9% | 9% | 5% | 4% | 4% | 4% | 4% | -10% | 2013-14 | -10% | 48 | 39 | 48 |
 Ukraine |
12% | 12% | 10% | 13% | 19% | 21% | 22% | 22% | 18% | 19% | 20% | 8% | 2019-20 | -2% | 38 | 34 | 46 |
 United Kingdom |
77% | 82% | 86% | 81% | 76% | 73% | 66% | 66% | 64% | 53% | 53% | -24% | 2015 | -33% | 17 | 1 | 17 |
To include intersex people in its remit, ILGA-Europe and ILGA have jointly sponsored the only international gathering of intersex activists and organisations. The International Intersex Forum has taken place in Europe annually since 2011.[26][27][28][29]
The third forum was held in Malta in 2013 with 34 people representing 30 organisations from all continents. The closing statement affirmed the existence of intersex people, reaffirmed "the principles of the First and Second International Intersex Fora and extend the demands aiming to end discrimination against intersex people and to ensure the right of bodily integrity, physical autonomy and self-determination". For the first time, participants made a statement on birth registrations, in addition to other human rights issues.[29][30][31]
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- First ever international intersex forum Archived 2013-12-26 at the Wayback Machine, ILGA-Europe (Creative Commons statement), 6 September 2011
- First ever international intersex forum Archived 2014-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, ILGA, 7 September 2011
- Global intersex community affirms shared goals, Star Observer, December 4, 2013
- 3rd International Intersex Forum concluded Archived 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine, ILGA-Europe (Creative Commons statement), 2 December 2013
- (in Dutch) Derde Internationale Intersekse Forum Archived 2013-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, Nederlandse Netwerk Intersekse/DSD (NNID), 3 December 2013
- Ayoub, Phillip M.; Paternotte, David (2016). "The International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) and the Expansion of LGBT Activismin a Unified Europe". Critique Internationale. 70 (1). Translated by Ethan Rundell: 55–70. doi:10.3917/crii.070.0055.
- Kristoffersson, Mattias; van Roozendaal, Björn; Poghosyan, Lilit (2016). "European Integration and LGBTI Activism: Partners in Realising Change?". The EU Enlargement and Gay Politics: The Impact of Eastern Enlargement on Rights, Activism and Prejudice. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 45–67. ISBN 978-1-137-48093-4.
- Paternotte, David (2016). "The NGOization of LGBT activism: ILGA-Europe and the Treaty of Amsterdam". Social Movement Studies. 15 (4): 388–402. doi:10.1080/14742837.2015.1077111. S2CID 142657420.
- Stychin, Carl F. (2001). "Sexual Citizenship in the European Union". Citizenship Studies. 5 (3): 285–301. doi:10.1080/13621020120085252. S2CID 144698347.
