The Hugo L. Black United States Courthouse is a United States courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama. Located at 1729 North 5th Avenue in Birmingham, Alabama,^[2] it was completed in 1987, and named in honor of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black on November 10, 1987,^[1] through legislation introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Representative Ben Erdreich of Alabama.^[3]

Funds for the construction of a new courthouse in Birmingham were appropriated by Congress in December 1982, and the following June, the General Services Administration chose the Birmingham architectural firm of Kidd/Ploaser/Sprague Architects Inc to design the building.^[4] A location for the courthouse not yet having been determined, the City of Birmingham proposed a lot diagonal to the federal courthouse in use at the time, as part of an effort to promote the downtown area.^[4] In 1984, it was reported that the building would be nine stories and 184,000 square feet, with construction to begin in April 1985 and end in February 1987.^[5] A 1987 evaluation of work in the city by the architects noted of the building that it "has all of the right monumental materials, but they are organized in a carnival of geometry that fits irregular spaces in a familiar context", further describing it as "a kind of geometrical sculpture of reflective glass atop a stone pedestal that both respects and reflects the two monumental buildings (old US Courthouse and Federal Reserve Bank) across the street".^[6]

In June 2020, vandals protesting a nearby Confederate monument threw rocks that damaged windows of the courthouse, prompting officials to note that this was a federal offense.^[7] In June 2023, Joran van der Sloot was arraigned at the courthouse for the murder of Natalee Holloway.^[8]