Sir Hugh Kerr Anderson FRS (6 July 1865 – 2 November 1928) was a British physiologist, and educator. He was the son of James Anderson (1811–1897) and Eliza Murray, died 1890 aged 60.

Educated at by F. W. Goldsmith at Hampstead and at Harrow School, Anderson matriculated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge at Michaelmas 1884, and graduated B.A. in 1887 (Natural Sciences Tripos; Scholar 1886–89; Part I, first Class, 1887; Part II, first Class, 1888); M.A. 1891; M.B. & B.Chir. 1891; M.D. 1898, completing his medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.^[1]

Anderson served as a Fellow of Caius 1897–1912, and as Master of Caius 1912–1928.^[2] He was the Chairman of the Cambridge University Press in 1918. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society, in 1907. A monument to him is in the Gonville and Caius College Chapel.^[3]

He is buried at Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground, Cambridge.^[4] His papers are held at Janus Library, Cambridge.^[5]

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He married, in 1894, Jessie Mina Innes (d. 1946), daughter of Surgeon-General Francis William Innes CB. The couple had two children: Austin Innes (born 1897) and Mary Desiree (1902–1973), an author. Jessie, Lady Anderson, is buried with her husband, in the same grave in Cambridge.