The Hot Summer of 1975 (Portuguese: Verão Quente de 1975) was a tumultuous period in Portuguese history characterized by political, social and military instability. At the center of the conflict was the rift between rightist and leftist groups, as well as the rift among leftist groups themselves.^[1]

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Quick Facts Date, Location ...

Hot Summer of 1975
Part of PREC
Date June – August 1975 Location Portugal, especially in the North Result Prime Minister Vasco Gonçalves is dismissed Coup of 25 November 1975: PREC ends Rightist forces are strengthened
Belligerents
Provisional Governments of the Third Portuguese Republic Supported by: PCP	ELP MDLP Movimento Maria da Fonte CODECO Rightist political parties: CDS PPD	Group of Nine	PS
Commanders and leaders
Francisco da Costa Gomes Vasco Gonçalves Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho Álvaro Cunhal	António de Spínola Guilherme Almor de Alpoim Calvão Ramiro Moreira António Pires Veloso Jaime Neves Paradela de Abreu Eduardo Melo Peixoto	Ernesto Melo Antunes Vasco Lourenço Jaime Neves António Ramalho Eanes	Mário Soares
Casualties and losses
Around 10 civilians die as a result of clashes, terrorist attacks and massacres

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Although tensions can be said to have started after António de Spínola's resignation in the 30th of September of 1974, and ultimately culminated in the failed coup of 25 November 1975, most of the violence and tensions that gave the period its name lasted throughout the eponymous summer of 1975. Violence, including some of the most brutal continued into the next year and into the 70s and 80s.

• Carnation Revolution
• Portuguese transition to democracy
• Portuguese Third Republic
• Years of Lead (Italy)