Heneicosane

Heneicosane

Heneicosane

Chemical compound

Heneicosane is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)19CH3. It is the straight chain, saturated C21 hydrocarbon. It is a white wax.

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Natural occurrence

Heneicosane is used as a pheromone by the queen or king termites in the species Reticulitermes flavipes.[1] It also attracts mosquitoes in the genus Aedes and can be used in mosquito baits.[2] This works in nature as the hydrocarbon is produced in the skin of the larva. A 1:100000 fraction in water is the most attractive, but if the concentration is 1:1000 then mosquitoes are repelled instead.[3] Heneicosane is one of the major components of the safflower flower essential oil (Carthamus tinctorius).[4] All parts of the plant Periploca laevigata contain heneicosane.[5] Rosa damascena flower essential oil contains 5% heneicosane.[6] Sambucus nigra contains 2.3%.

References

  1. [1]
    "Termite queen, king recognition pheromone identified". 19 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  2. [2]
    Kumar, P; Lomash, V; Jatav, PC; Kumar, A; Pant, SC (January 2016). "Prenatal developmental toxicity study of n-heneicosane in Wistar rats". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 32 (1): 118–25. Bibcode:2016ToxIH..32..118K. doi:10.1177/0748233713498438. PMID 24060842. S2CID 206543815.
  3. [3]
    Seenivasagan, T; Sharma, KR; Sekhar, K; Ganesan, K; Prakash, S; Vijayaraghavan, R (March 2009). "Electroantennogram, flight orientation, and oviposition responses of Aedes aegypti to the oviposition pheromone n-heneicosane". Parasitology Research. 104 (4): 827–33. doi:10.1007/s00436-008-1263-2. PMID 19018567. S2CID 6880282.
  4. [4]
    Asgarpanah, J; Kazemivash, N (February 2013). "Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Carthamus tinctorius L.". Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 19 (2): 153–9. doi:10.1007/s11655-013-1354-5. PMID 23371463. S2CID 386921.
  5. [5]
    Zito, P; Sajeva, M; Bruno, M; Rosselli, S; Maggio, A; Senatore, F (2013). "Essential oils composition of Periploca laevigata Aiton subsp. angustifolia (Labill.) Markgraf (Apocynaceae-Periplocoideae)". Natural Product Research. 27 (3): 255–65. doi:10.1080/14786419.2012.671319. PMID 22439883. S2CID 205838364.
  6. [6]
    Sadraei, H; Asghari, G; Emami, S (January 2013). "Inhibitory effect of Rosa damascena Mill flower essential oil, geraniol and citronellol on rat ileum contraction". Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 8 (1): 17–23. PMC 3895296. PMID 24459472.


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