Frederick George Banbury, 1st Baron Banbury of Southam PC (2 December 1850 – 13 August 1936), known as Sir Frederick Banbury, 1st Baronet from 1903 to 1924, was a British businessman, Conservative Member of Parliament and animal welfare activist, serving as chairman of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.^[1][2]

Frederick Banbury was born on 2 December 1850. He was the eldest son of Frederick Banbury and Cecilia Laura (née Cox) of Shirley House, Surrey.^[2] He was educated at Winchester College.^[2]

Banbury was admitted to the London Stock Exchange in 1872^[2] and was head of Frederick Banbury and Sons, stockbrokers, of London, between 1879 and 1906, as well as chairman of the Great Northern Railway (GNR) and a director of the London and Provincial Bank.^[1][2]

Banbury was elected to represent Camberwell, Peckham in the House of Commons at the 1892 general election, and held the seat in 1895 and 1900. At the 1906 general election he lost the seat as the Liberal Party won a large majority.^[2] Later in the year he returned to parliament when he was returned unopposed in a by-election for the City of London.^[2] He held the seat until 1924.^[1]

He was a diligent member of the Commons, and was known for his formal attire and punctuality. Although he remained on the back benches he was regarded as an institution in the House.^[2] Banbury was created a baronet, "of Southam in the County of Warwick", in 1903,^[3] and admitted to the Privy Council in 1916.^[1] When the bill which led to the initial extension of the franchise to women was passing through parliament, Banbury said during a debate:

"Women are likely to be affected by gusts and waves of sentiment. Their emotional temperament makes them so liable to it. But those are not the people best fitted in this practical world either to sit in this House ... or to be entrusted with the immense power which this bill gives them."^[4][5]

After his retirement from the House of Commons in January 1924, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Banbury of Southam, of Southam in the County of Warwick.^[1][6]

He was the last chairman of the GNR, which lost its identity when, under the Railways Act 1921, it was grouped with several other railways on 1 January 1923 to become a constituent of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). Sir Frederick was a strong opponent of the railway grouping, and had voted against the Bill during its passage through Parliament; he wanted no part of the future LNER, and decided to retire from his railway positions at the end of 1922.^[7] In late September 1922, the GNR honoured Sir Frederick by naming its newest express passenger locomotive no. 1471 Sir Frederick Banbury. This locomotive belonged to GNR Class A1, was built in July 1922 and remained in service until November 1961.^[8]

Banbury married Elizabeth Rosa, daughter of Thomas Barbot Beale, of Brettenham, Suffolk in 1873.^[1] She died in 1930.^[1] Banbury survived her by six years and died in August 1936 at his home, Warneford Place, Sevenhampton, near Highworth in Wiltshire, aged 85. He was buried at Sevenhampton parish church.^[2] He was succeeded in the barony by his grandson Charles, his only son Captain Charles William Banbury having been killed in the First World War.^[1]

Banbury was an animal lover, and for many years was on the council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and served as its chairman.^[2]