Foreign_relations_of_Panama

Foreign relations of Panama

Foreign relations of Panama

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Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with:[1][2]

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Bilateral relations

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Multilateral relations

Panama is a member of the UN General Assembly (and most major UN agencies) and has served three terms in the UN Security Council. In November 2006, it was elected to serve a two-year term on the Security Council, beginning January 1, 2007. It maintains membership in several international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.

Panama is a member of the Organization of American States and was a founding member of the Rio Group. Although it was suspended from the Latin American Economic System — known informally both as the Group of Eight and the Rio Group — in 1988 due to its internal political system under Manuel Noriega, Panama was readmitted in September, 1994 as an acknowledgment of its present democratic credentials.

Panama is also one of the founding members of the Union of Banana Exporting Countries and belongs to the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. Panama is a member of the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN) as well as the Central American Integration System (SICA). Panama joined its six Central American neighbors at the 1994 Summit of the Americas in signing the Alliance for Sustainable Development known as the Conjunta Centroamerica-USA or CONCAUSA to promote sustainable economic development in the region.

Panama is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  2. [2]
    "Diplomatic relations between Panama and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  3. [3]
    See Embassy of Japan in Panama
  4. [4]
    "PANAMÁ BUSCA OTORGAR UN IMPULSO RENOVADO A LAS RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS CON ECUADOR". 6 February 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  5. [5]
    Las relaciones entre Checoslovaquia y América Latina 1945-1989. En los archivos de la República Checa (in Spanish). Karolinum Press. 2015. p. 267.
  6. [6]
    "03. ANEXO" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  7. [7]
    "Namibia muestra interés en fortalecer lazos con Panamá". mire.gob.pa (in Spanish). 1 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  8. [8]
    Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  9. [9]
    "Panama establishes diplomatic relations with Tajikistan". 26 May 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  10. [10]
    "ENCUENTRO ENTRE LOS EMBAJADORES DE PANAMÁ Y CABO VERDE, ACREDITADOS EN LISBOA" (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  11. [11]
    "Together with Foreign Minister ErikaMouynes of Panama, I signed Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between TimorLeste & Panama in the margins on the 77th Session of the #NGA (20/09)". 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  12. [12]
    "The Federated States of Micronesia Establishes Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of Panama & the Kingdom of Bahrain". 22 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  13. [13]
    "En el marco de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, me reuní con mi homólogo de Uganda, Jeje Odongo, para el establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre nuestras naciones" (in Spanish). 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  14. [14]
    "THE COOK ISLANDS FORMALISE DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH PANAMA". 8 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  15. [15]
    "Embassy of Canada in Panama City (in English, French and Spanish)". 27 May 2021.
  16. [16]
    "Embassy of Panama in Ottawa (in English and Spanish)".
  17. [17]
    "WikiLeaks: China rejects Panama's wish for ties". Fox News. 27 March 2015.
  18. [18]
    Embassy of Chile in Panama City
  19. [19]
    Embassy of Panama in Santiago de Chile
  20. [20]
    "India-Panama Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
  21. [21]
    "Indian Embassy in Panama".
  22. [22]
    "Indian mission in Panama".
  23. [23]
    "Panama Embassy in India".
  24. [24]
    "Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina" (in Spanish). 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  25. [25]
    Panama recognised independent state of Kosovo, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-01-16
  26. [26]
    Panamá puerta de entrada de Kosovo a América Latina Archived 2016-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Panamá, 2013-08-27 (in Spanish)
  27. [27]
    Panama, Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme-Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në. "Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama". Ministria e Punëve të Jashtme - Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Panama. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
  28. [28]
    "Embassy of Mexico in Panama City (in Spanish)".
  29. [29]
    Embassy of Panama in Mexico City (in Spanish)
  30. [30]
    "Embassy of Panama in Moscow (in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2018-03-07. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  31. [31]
    "Embassy of Russia in Panama City (in Russian and Spanish)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  32. [32]
    "Panamá y la república Saharaui". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
  33. [33]
    "Algeria: Sahrawi Embassy in Panama Reopens". AllAfrica. 2016-01-07. Retrieved 2015-01-13.
  34. [34]
    "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2016-07-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. [35]
    "Panama". Archived from the original on 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2016-12-31.
  36. [36]
    "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2016-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  37. [37]
    "Panama (Republic of)".
  38. [38]
    "주한파나마대사관" [Embassy of Panama in Korea]. naver.com (in Korean).
  39. [39]
    "주 파나마 대한민국 대사관".
  40. [40]
    "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Latin America and Caribbean". Archived from the original on 2015-07-05. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
  41. [41]
    "Korea-Panama Relations".
  42. [42]
    "Embassy of Panama in Madrid (in Spanish)".
  43. [43]
    "Embassy of Spain in Panama City (in Spanish)".
  44. [44]
    "Relations between Turkey and Panama".
  45. [45]
    Embassy of Panama in Washington, D.C.
  46. [46]
    Embassy of the United States in Panama City

Further reading

Further information: Panama–United States relations
  • Ealy, Lawrence O. The Republic of Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950 (U of Pennsylvania Press, 1951). online
  • Farnsworth, David N., and James W. McKenney. US-Panama relations, 1903–1978: A study in linkage politics (Routledge, 2020).
  • Major, John. "‘Pro mundi beneficio’? The Panama Canal as an international issue, 1943–8." Review of International Studies 9.1 (1983): 17–34.
  • Williams Jr, Harold E. Panamanian-US Relations Towards 2000: An Opportunity for Partnership (Naval Postgraduate School, 1995) online.
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