Elliot_Rodger

2014 Isla Vista killings

2014 Isla Vista killings

Misogynistic terror attacks in California

The 2014 Isla Vista killings were two misogynistic terror attacks in Isla Vista, California. On the evening of Friday, May 23, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger killed six people and injured fourteen others by gunshot, stabbing and vehicle ramming near the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), before fatally shooting himself.[1][2][3][4][5]

This article is about the 2014 killing spree. For the 2001 vehicular assault, see 2001 Isla Vista killings.

Quick Facts Location, Coordinates ...

Rodger stabbed his two roommates and their friend to death in his apartment, ambushing and killing them separately as they arrived. About three hours later, he drove to a sorority house and, after failing to get inside, shot three women outside, two of whom died. He next drove past a nearby deli and shot and killed a man who was inside. He then drove around Isla Vista, shooting and wounding several pedestrians from his car and striking others with his car. He exchanged gunfire with police twice and was injured in the hip. After his car crashed into a parked vehicle, he was found dead inside with a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.

Before driving to the sorority house, Rodger uploaded a video to YouTube titled "Elliot Rodger's Retribution", in which he outlined his planned attack and his motives. He explained that he wanted to punish women for rejecting him, and sexually active men because he envied them. He also emailed a lengthy autobiographical manuscript to friends, his therapist and family members; the document appeared on the Internet and became widely known as his manifesto. In it, he described his childhood, family conflicts, frustration over his inability to find a girlfriend, his hatred of women, his contempt for couples (particularly interracial couples) and his plans for what he described as "retribution". In February 2020, the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism at the Hague retroactively described the killings as an act of misogynist terrorism.[6] The US Secret Service describes it as "misogynistic extremism".[7]

Attacks

On May 23, 2014, 22-year-old Elliot Rodger, carrying 6- and 8-inch "SRK" and nine-inch boar hunting knife, first attacked his roommate, 20-year-old Weihan "David" Wang, as he entered their apartment. As Wang tried to defend himself, he was stabbed 15 times and suffered 23 slashes. Rodger dragged Wang's body to the corner of a bedroom and threw it on the floor facedown, partially covering it with blankets, towels, and clothing. 20-year-old Cheng Yuan "James" Hong, Rodger's other roommate, soon entered the apartment and was ambushed by Rodger. Despite his attempts to defend himself, Hong was stabbed 25 times and slashed 12 times. Rodger dragged Hong's body to the same bedroom, throwing it face down halfway on top of Wang's body, also concealing Hong’s body with blankets and clothing. The final victim, 19-year-old George Chen, Hong and Wang's friend, arrived at the apartment last to visit them. Upon entering, Rodger immediately attacked Chen, stabbing him 94 times and slashing him 11 times as Chen attempted to defend himself. Rodger left Chen's body in a bathroom in a pool of blood. Rodger tried to clean the apartment's hallways and hide evidence of the earlier stabbings as each victim entered. He tried using bathroom towels and paper towels to clean up the blood, but they quickly became soaked. Despite his efforts, blood remained splattered on the hallways and its walls.[8][9][10]

After killing the three men, within a three-hour time frame, Rodger changed out of his clothes that were drenched in blood, and entangled them with his bed sheets. He then went to Starbucks, where he bought a triple-vanilla latte. Less than two hours after his Starbucks visit, he uploaded a video on YouTube called "Elliot Rodger's Retribution". He emailed a 137-page document called My Twisted World to 34 people, including his parents, friends, and therapists.[11] His mother, Li Chin Rodger, was alerted by a call from her son's therapist Gavin Linderman to check an email he sent. After seeing his manifesto and finding the "Retribution" video online, she and Rodger's father rushed towards the University while contacting the police.[12][13] Rodger first went to the Alpha Phi sorority house, where he tried to get inside by knocking on the door for three minutes.[8] Unable to enter, he became frustrated and returned to his car. He then noticed three members of the Delta Delta Delta sorority, 19-year-old Veronika Weiss, 22-year-old Katherine Cooper, and a 20-year-old woman, walking around the corner of the Alpha Phi sorority. As the three women were walking back to their Delta Delta Delta sorority house, Rodger slowly drove up to them, and from an open window, fired 15 rounds at them.[8][14][15][16] Weiss and Cooper died from their injuries, while the 20-year-old woman, bleeding and calling her mother, was helped by a deputy who put pressure to her wounds. A bystander continued to give first aid to the woman when the deputy left to join the chase for Rodger.[8][16]

After leaving the sorority house, Rodger made a three-point turn in a driveway on Pardall Road. As he drove past a coffee shop on Pardall, he fired a shot into it, but the shop was closed.[16] Next, he went to the IV Deli Mart, where he began shooting at people nearby. As 20-year-old Christopher Michaels-Martinez looked to see Rodger's car from the store's entrance, he was shot in the chest,[17] causing injuries to his liver and right ventricle of his heart.[18] Michaels-Martinez entered the deli and fell to the floor.[16] A 19-year-old woman attempted CPR but Michaels-Martinez had immediately died from his injuries.[18] Rodger fired more shots into the deli, breaking windows while people inside tried to find cover.[8][16][19] Rodger then continued driving, hitting a man with his car, causing him to be thrown into the air.[16] Driving on the wrong side of the street, he hit another pedestrian and fired at two people on the sidewalk but missed them. He shot a couple leaving a pizzeria and a female cyclist. After turning onto several streets, Rodger exchanged gunfire with a sheriff's deputy and hit two pedestrians. Rodger shot and injured three people on Sabado Tarde Street, hit a skateboarder and two cyclists with his car, and then shot two other men at another intersection.[20]

Near the intersection of El Embarcadero and Sabado Tarde, he had a shootout with three sheriff's deputies and got shot in the hip.[21] Trying to escape the police, he turned onto several streets, hitting another cyclist who tumbled and damaged the car's windshield. Rodger eventually crashed his car into several other vehicles.[22] As police surrounded the car, they mistakenly handcuffed the cyclist, thinking he might be a second suspect. They soon realized the cyclist was actually a victim, not involved in the attacks, and provided him with medical care.[23] The police looked in the car and found Rodger dead from a self-inflected gunshot wound to the head.[22]

Items found in car

Memorial wall honoring the first three victims killed in the 2014 Isla Vista killings. From left to right: George Chen, Weihan "David" Wang, and Cheng Yuan "James" Hong.

Inside Rodger's car, authorities found a Glock 34 handgun, two SIG Sauer P226 handguns, over 500 additional rounds of live ammunition, and the two knives he used to kill his two roommates and their friend. The entire shooting spree unfolded within eight minutes, during which Rodger discharged approximately 55 9mm rounds.[16] During the shootings, Rodger used only one of the three pistols, the Sig Sauer P226, which was discovered on the driver's seat of his car.[24]

Victims killed

Rodger's rampage resulted in the deaths of six people, all University of California, Santa Barbara students, with 14 others sustaining injuries.[25]

  • 20-year-old Weihan "David" Wang (stabbed to death)
  • 20-year-old Cheng Yuan "James" Hong (stabbed to death)
  • 19-year-old George Chen (stabbed to death)
  • 22-year-old Katherine "Katie" Breanne Cooper (shot to death)
  • 19-year-old Veronika Elizabeth Weiss (shot to death)
  • 20-year-old Christopher Ross Michaels-Martinez (shot to death)
Rodger made a hand drawing of a person getting stabbed.
A final handwritten journal entry Rodger made before his attacks.

Following the attacks, law enforcement obtained a search warrant and conducted a protective sweep of Rodger's apartment. After removing a window screen, authorities looked inside and found Chen's body lying in a fetal position on the bathroom floor.[24][26] They breached the apartment and also found the bodies of Hong and Wang in their bedroom. When they searched Rodger's room, they found it to be a mess, finding pharmacy documents for prescriptions, two gun cleaning kits, Monster Energy drinks, lottery tickets, a copy of The Art of Seduction, various video games, and a Starbucks coffee cup. Additionally, police found a folding knife, a "zombie killer" knife with a 10-inch blade, an 18-inch blade machete, a sledgehammer, and multiple other knives. They discovered his bed sheets and pillows were stabbed repeatedly, indicating he was practicing before killing his first three victims. Police also found a hand-drawn picture of something getting stabbed and a printed copy of Rodger's 137-page manifesto. His laptop was found open to YouTube, displaying his recently uploaded "Retribution" video.[8][10] A handwritten journal was left open to an entry dated May 23, 2014, reading:

I had to tear some pages out because I feared my intentions would be discovered. I taped them back together as fast as I could. This is it. In one hour I will have my revenge on this cruel world. I HATE YOU ALLLL! DIE.[16]

Aftermath

Memorial service at Harder Stadium, May 27

In an interview, Wang's parents said their son wanted to move out because Rodger wasn't very social.[27] He complained to the building manager that Rodger would play loud music in the middle of the night.[28][29] Wang found a new apartment and had planned to move there with his friends for the next semester.[27] Students and community came together at Anisq'Oyo Park in Isla Vista on the night of May 24 for a candlelight gathering to remember the victims.[30][31] Three days later, on May 27, over 20,000 people attended a memorial at the University's Harder Stadium.[32] During the memorial, Michaels-Martinez's dad, Richard Martinez, spoke about his son and repeatedly yelled, "Not one more!"[33] On May 23, 2015, the first anniversary of the attacks, hundreds of people gathered at UCSB for a candlelight vigil commemorating the six slain victims. The mother of George Chen made a speech at the event.[34]

Perpetrator

Quick Facts Elliot Rodger, Born ...

Elliot Oliver Robertson Rodger (July 24, 1991 – May 23, 2014) was an English-American former college student, and the sole perpetrator of the 2014 Isla Vista killings.

Early life

Born in London, England, he moved to the United States with his parents at age five.[38] He was raised in Los Angeles. His father is the British filmmaker Peter Rodger, and his paternal grandfather is the photo-journalist George Rodger.[5][39] His mother is a Malaysian Chinese nurse who served as a first aid practitioner and research assistant on several major film productions.[40][41][42][43] A younger sister was born before his parents divorced. After Peter remarried, he and his second wife, Soumaya Akaaboune,[44] a Moroccan actress with whom Elliot had a strained relationship,[45] had a son together, Elliot's half-brother.

Rodger attended Crespi Carmelite High School, an all-boys Catholic school in Encino, Los Angeles, and then Taft High School in Woodland Hills, which he attended for only a week due to severe bullying.[46] He last attended Independence Continuation High School in Lake Balboa from where he graduated in 2009.[46] Rodger briefly enrolled in Los Angeles Pierce College and Moorpark College before transferring to Santa Barbara City College in 2011.[47] Thereafter, he resided in Isla Vista.[48] After his attack, the school said he had not taken any classes since 2012.[49]

Mental health and social problems

Rodger faced mental health challenges from a young age but was never hospitalized for mental illness. He had difficulty in social situations, often cried in crowds, and displayed repetitive behaviors. In 2007, he was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, an autism spectrum disorder that causes significant social developmental challenges. Rodger struggled with managing anger towards his peers who he felt were leading better lives. At 15, he was prescribed Xanax and Prozac, and later started taking Paxil. Rodger had issues with anger and jealousy, leading him to be helped from three counselors in Santa Barbara, attending about 29 sessions from May 2013 to May 2014, in addition to meeting with a life coach in Los Angeles.[8][10]

Due to Rodger's ongoing anger towards couples and his struggles with trying to fit in, it was suggested that he be put into a residential treatment program which would provide him with daily individual therapy, group therapy, and training to help with his social skills. In 2013, when asked how he dealt with his anger towards his peers, Rodger responded that he "just holds it all in." In the months leading up to the shooting, he starting taking Xanax again to help with his anxiety.[8][10] Rodger's parents sought more professional help for him, leading to therapy sessions with celebrity psychiatrist Charles Sophy in late 2012.[50] Sophy prescribed Rodger risperidone, an antipsychotic drug, which Rodger refused to take after researching about it online.[51][52][53] Subsequently, Rodger stopped going to his appointments with Sophy by the fall of 2013.[54][55] Dale Launer, a family friend, mentioned he gave Rodger advice on how to approach women, but Rodger did not take his advice. Launer also recalled that when he first met Rodger at the age of eight or nine, he could already sense that something was not right with him.[56]

Rodger's parents

While Rodger's father and his step-mother, along with Li Chin, drove separately, Peter kept calling his son's phone, trying to reach him. Both parents were also in communication with the sheriff's department over their phones. As they approached Isla Vista, they were instructed by police to wait in a nearby Home Depot parking lot for further information. A sheriff arrived and notified them their son had been found dead, confirmed by his license.[57] Devastated by the news of their son's death, his parents thought he was a victim and were unaware that he was the killer until hours later when they saw reports on the internet.[58][59] Authorities and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives executed search warrants at the houses of Rodger's parents, initially visiting his father's home in Woodland Hills. Subsequently, they conducted a search at his mother's house in West Hills.[60][61] Following these events, Rodger's family faced several death threats that forced them to move every two days.[62]

In June 2014, during an interview with Barbara Walters, Peter shared that he initially believed his son was a victim in the attacks, not the perpetrator.[58] He explained that despite his son's long history of social difficulties and years of therapy, he never envisioned him capable of such violence. Peter acknowledged his son's distress over being a virgin and even considered taking him to Las Vegas to lose his virginity, a proposal his son rejected.[58][63] He also mentioned getting mad at his son after finding out about his involvement with misogynistic online forums. Peter described his son as being really good at hiding his true state of mind and expressed deep regret for the agony inflicted on the victims' families.[58][64]

Incidents with law enforcement

On July 20, 2013, Rodger, wanting to lose his virginity days before his 22nd birthday, drank vodka to become drunk. He went to a party hoping to talk to girls. Unable to talk to girls, Rodger became angry and climbed onto a 10-foot ledge and pretended to shoot people at the party with his finger. He then tried to push several women off the ledge, but a group of men stopped him by pushing him off instead, causing him to break his ankle.[65] After the fall, Rodger went back toward the party to look for his sunglasses but was so drunk that he ended up getting into another altercation in front of a different house. The day after, two sheriff's deputies visited him in the hospital to ask about the fights. Rodger told them he had been pushed off the ledge after calling someone "ugly" and claimed that after the fight, he walked to a nearby front yard and sat down in a chair. He stated that he was attacked by about 10 men who kicked and punched him. Rodger was hurt on his arms, elbows, hands, face, and left ankle. He told police he did not know why he was attacked or called names.[65] He also said he did not call the police because he did not know who to call. A deputy noted that Rodger was too "timid" and "shy" to say what really happened. A witness said a man like Rodger began the fight by trying to push two women off a ledge. They didn't fall, but Rodger tried to push two more before he jumped off the ledge and ran. The witness noted Rodger was alone, acted oddly, and wasn't talking to anyone at the party.[66] After arriving at his apartment, a neighbor observed Rodger returning home in tears, swearing to kill those who attacked him and contemplated suicide. Rodger disclosed in his manifesto that this event was the decisive moment that propelled him to finalize his plans for the attack. The sheriff's office concluded Rodger had started the fight, and the investigation was closed without further action. They did not arrest Rodger or interrogate him further.[67][65]

On January 15, 2014, Rodger had a fight with Hong after accusing him of stealing three candles worth $22. Rodger placed Hong under a citizen's arrest. When police arrived Hong explained he thought Rodger stole his items, including a rice bowl. Rodger denied the claims. Refusing to return the candles, Hong was arrested and later faced a petty theft charge, for which he was fined and released. Following Hong's murder, the District Attorney, Joyce E. Dudley, filed a motion to dismiss the theft charge, which was subsequently granted.[66][68] On April 30, 2014, Rodger's mother, worried because she hadn't heard from her son in four days and alarmed by the videos he had posted online, reached out to his therapist.[69][70] The therapist then contacted a mental health professional, who requested a welfare check on Rodger. Responding to the request, four sheriff's deputies, a university police officer, and a dispatcher in training visited Rodger's apartment.[69][71] Rodger explained that the videos were his way of expressing his social difficulties in Isla Vista.[69] The officers concluded that Rodger did not pose an immediate risk to himself or others, making him ineligible for involuntary hold.[72] Before they left, a deputy called Rodger's mother to update her and handed the phone to Rodger, who reassured her he was alright and would call her later. The deputies also provided Rodger with information on local support services.[69][73] In his manifesto, Rodger mentioned that the visit from the deputies forced him to remove most of his videos from YouTube in case of being caught. However, in the week leading up to the attacks, he re-posted them.[71]

Manifesto

Rodger created and emailed a 137-page 107,000-word manifesto called My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot Rodger to 34 people, including his parents, former teachers, childhood friends, and therapists.[11] Rodger's manifesto starts as a story of his life, where he expresses his anger towards women and his views on why he felt treated unfairly by life.[74][75] As the manifesto progresses, Rodger details his plan for his "Day of Retribution," divided into three parts. The first part involved killing his roommates and any other people he could bring to his apartment.[76][77] The second part, which he called the "War on Women," was where he intended to kill as many women as he could inside the Alpha Phi sorority house. In the final part, Rodger planned to drive around Isla Vista, shooting and hitting as many people with his car.[78][79] Rodger's father was aware that he had been writing something, but Rodger refused to show him it. On a hike they took together before the attacks, Rodger's father expressed interest on what he was writing and asked if he could send it to him. Rodger brushed off the request, assuring him that he would share it in due time.[80]

Online history

Rodger posted about 22 videos on YouTube, expressing frustrations over his inability to get a girlfriend and his views on life, with titles like “Why do girls hate me so much?”, “Life is so unfair because girls don't want me”, and “My reaction to seeing a young couple at the beach, Envy”.[81][82] Other videos included Rodger driving while listening to music. Shortly before the attacks, one of his videos caught attention on Reddit's “cringe” forum, where a user commented that Rodger gave off a "strong Patrick Bateman vibe," suggesting he seemed like a serial killer.[83] Minutes before starting his attack on Isla Vista, Rodger uploaded his "Retribution" video to YouTube. In the video, Rodger is seen sitting in his BMW during a sunset, reciting scripted lines and letting out fake laughs.[81] Rodger explained in the video that he was frustrated that he was still a virgin at 22 and wanting to be loved by a woman:

Well, this is my last video, it has all had to come to this. Tomorrow is the day of retribution, the day in which I will have my revenge against humanity, against all of you. For the last eight years of my life, ever since I hit puberty, I've been forced to endure an existence of loneliness, rejection and unfulfilled desires all because girls have never been attracted to me. Girls gave their affection, and sex and love to other men but never to me. I'm 22 years old and I'm still a virgin. I've never even kissed a girl. I've been through college for two and a half years, more than that actually, and I'm still a virgin. It has been very torturous. College is the time when everyone experiences those things such as sex and fun and pleasure. Within those years, I've had to rot in loneliness. It's not fair. You girls have never been attracted to me. I don't know why you girls aren't attracted to me, but I will punish you all for it. It's an injustice, a crime, because… I don't know what you don't see in me. I'm the perfect guy and yet you throw yourselves at these obnoxious men instead of me, the supreme gentleman. I will punish all of you for it. On the day of retribution I'm going to enter the hottest sorority house of UCSB. And I will slaughter every spoiled, stuck-up, blond slut I see inside there. All those girls I've desired so much, they would have all rejected me and looked down upon me as an inferior man if I ever made a sexual advance towards them while they throw themselves at these obnoxious brutes. I'll take great pleasure in slaughtering all of you.[84][85][86]

Rodger often visited online forums like ForeverAlone and PUAHate, where men who felt unsuccessful with women shared their frustrations, criticized each other, spoke negatively about women, and criticized pick-up artists.[87] On these forums, Rodger and others made statements against women and Rodger described himself as an "Incel," which stands for involuntarily celibate. This term is used in an online community where members talk about their struggles to find a romantic or sexual partner.[88] Rodger expressed racist views in his posts, including mocking an Asian man trying to date a white girl and stating it was “rage-inducing” to see a “black guy chilling with 4 hot white girls.”[9] Rodger's online activities included numerous searches related to Nazis, such as researching Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler, and looking up topics like "Did Adolf Hitler have a girlfriend" and "Nazi anime."[8][89] He also searched for information on "modern torture devices" and "Spanish Inquisition torture devices."[90] In the days leading up to the attack, he visited websites like anxietyzone.com and bodybuilding.com.[8] On the day of his attacks, Rodger looked up pornography and searched online for "quiet silent kill with a knife" and "how to kill someone with a knife."[8][91]

Preparations

In February 2012, after being unable to find a girlfriend, Rodger mentioned in his manifesto that the "Day of Retribution" became a possibility.[67] He became fixated on winning the lottery as he believed it was the only way for him to lose his virginity due to the wealth he would acquire.[92] By June 2012, Rodger wrote that winning The Mega Millions lottery jackpot was the only way in which he would not carry out his planned "Day of Retribution." When he did not win the jackpot in September 2012, he visited a gun range in Oxnard, California. Starting in November 2012, Rodger made several trips from California to Arizona to buy tickets for the Powerball jackpot, but after failing to win, he began to actively plan his attack.[67] His first purchase was a Glock 34 semiautomatic pistol, which he bought for $700 in December 2012. In spring 2013, he bought an Sig Sauer P226 for $1,100. He saved up $5,000 for the supplies needed for the attack, and was able to buy another Sig Sauer P226 in 2014.[67][93] He funded his weapon purchases with money he had saved from gifts from his grandparents and the $500 monthly allowance his father sent him.[92]

Further planning

In August 2013, Rodger decided to delay his planned attack until Spring 2014. By January 2014, he had chosen April 26, 2014, as the new date for his attack.[67] Rodger initially planned to carry out his attack on Halloween in 2013 but decided against it, thinking there would be too many police officers around at that time.[94] He also thought about launching his attack on Valentine's Day and during Deltopia, a spring break event that attracts thousands of young people to Isla Vista in early April. However, he decided against these dates too, concerned about the high presence of police and realizing he needed more time to prepare for the attack.[67] In his manifesto, Rodger expressed a desire to kill his six-year-old stepbrother, fearing he would grow up to be more popular with girls than him.[95][96] He also wanted to kill his stepmother because he disliked her.[97] Rodger planned to carry out these murders while his father was away on a business trip, concerned he might have to kill his father too if his plans were discovered.[97][98] However, on April 24, Rodger fell ill with a cold, which led him to postpone his attack to May 24, 2014.[67][94]

Reactions

In the aftermath of the attacks, men on social media and in the comments on Rodger's YouTube videos, empathized with Rodger's views and difficulties, with some suggesting that being ignored by women was a valid reason for committing murder against them.[99] A Facebook page named "Elliot Rodger Is an American Hero" was created, calling on men to share their thoughts and pay tribute to Rodger for what was described as his "ultimate sacrifice in the struggle against feminazi ideology."[100] The page also shared Rodger's "Retribution" video, with several commentators expressing support for his quest for vengeance against women.[101] Activists reported the page for promoting hate speech, harassment, and violence, and initiated a campaign on Twitter encouraging others to report the page to Facebook.[102] Facebook's response was that the page did not infringe upon its community standards, leading to widespread criticism as evidenced by the sharing of Facebook's responses on Twitter.[102][103] Ultimately, the page was deactivated, with Facebook citing its Statement of Rights and Responsibilities as the rationale for this decision.[102][104]

Rodger's actions have sparked numerous memes, including one that features his face edited into a religious painting. On forums like 4chan and Reddit, some users revere him as a "saint" and celebrate "Saint Elliot Day" every anniversary of his attacks.[105] Additionally, men posted tribute songs, and others have created and distributed t-shirts with Rodger's image, with one man creating videos to unbox the t-shirts.[105][106] On some Incel forums, discussions about committing violence against women and men perceived as sexually successful are referred as "chads."[107] The Isla Vista killings brought the Incel community into the mainstream, with it having been praised by young men around the world who identify as Incels, believing themselves unable to get a girlfriend and that they deserved sex.[108] It's common to see references to "E.R." in these forums, and acts of violence by Incels are often described as "going E.R."[109][110] Moreover, Rodger has been mentioned by individuals responsible for or suspected in other mass killings.[108] For example, on April 23, 2018, 25-year-old Alek Minassian killed 11 people and injured 15 others in Toronto, Canada, by driving a van through the city.[110][111] Before his attack, Minassian posted on his Facebook profile:

Private (Recruit) Minassian Infantry 00010, wishing to speak to Sgt 4chan please. C23249161. The Incel Rebellion has already begun! We will overthrow all the Chads and Stacys! All hail the Supreme Gentleman Elliot Rodger![105][109]

Twitter hashtags

Following the misogynistic nature of Rodger's crimes and the identification of his hatred for women as a motivating factor, some Twitter users employed the hashtag #NotAllMen to express that "not all men" behave in such a manner or would commit similar acts.[112] Other users believed the attacks were not misogynistic because Rodger killed more men than women.[113][114] However, this hashtag faced criticism for potentially diverting attention away from the broader issue of violence against women.[115][116] In a bid to shift the focus back to the systemic issues of misogyny and sexism experienced by women, two Twitter users introduced the hashtag #YesAllWomen, highlighting that all women endure sexism and misogyny.[117] Within just four days of its inception, the #YesAllWomen hashtag had been used 1.2 million times on Twitter, quickly eclipsing previous hashtags that aimed to spotlight violence and sexism against women.[118]

Responses

Gun control and mental health

The attacks renewed calls for gun control and improvements in the American health care system.[119] Sheriff Bill Brown blamed Rodger's actions and the subsequent attacks on shortcomings in the mental health treatment system. He pointed out a widespread shortfall in resources for community mental health care and criticized the inadequate communication from healthcare professionals regarding individuals who exhibit suicidal or homicidal thoughts.[120] Several legislators in California demanded an investigation of the interaction between deputies and Rodger on April 30, during which records in the California gun ownership database already showed Rodger's purchase of at least two handguns.[121] The deputies did not consult the database, nor did they examine the YouTube videos that led Rodger's parents to reach out to them.[122] Subsequently, the Sheriff's Office concluded that the responding deputies followed all rules and conducted themselves professionally, in alignment with both state law and departmental guidelines.[73] Despite California being one of the most strict states in the United States with gun laws, Rodger, who despite having undergone several years of psychiatric treatment, passed all necessary background checks. Because he had neither been institutionalized for mental health issues nor possessed a criminal history, he was able to purchase all three firearms.[123] In California, at the time, undergoing mental health treatment did not disqualify people for applying for firearms. Furthermore, even when Rodger's parents alerted the police to his threats on YouTube, the absence of an immediate threat meant the police lacked the authority to search his apartment, search the gun registry, or confiscate any firearms without a warrant based on probable cause.[124]

Democratic Senator Richard Blumenthal from Connecticut advocated for the reinstatement of gun-control measures previously declined by Congress following the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, suggesting such legislation might have prevented the shooting spree.[125] Blumenthal emphasized the necessity to refocus gun-control initiatives around mental health issues, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced resources to support individuals with mental illnesses.[126][127] In his address, Michaels-Martinez's father attributed the attacks to the "craven, irresponsible" actions of politicians and the National Rifle Association (NRA), accusing the NRA of prioritizing gun rights above public safety.[128][129][130] Subsequently, Martinez said he wanted members of Congress to stop calling him to offer condolences for his son's death and appealed to the public to unite with him in "demanding immediate action" on gun control from Congress members.[131] Additionally, he extended his sympathies towards the parents of Rodger.[132] Timothy F. Murphy, a Pennsylvania Representative and clinical psychologist, presented his bipartisan mental health reform as a solution and called on Congress to enact it.[133][134] Santa Barbara Assemblymembers Das Williams and Nancy Skinner introduced legislation that would allow law enforcement, close relatives, or roommates to request a court order for the confiscation of firearms from individuals deemed a serious risk to themselves or others.[135][136] State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson also proposed a bill enforcing officers consult a state firearms registry during assessments of potential threats to personal or public safety.[137] Jackson's bill received unanimous Senate approval in August 2014.[138] While Williams and Skinner's bill successfully passed through both legislative chambers, it faced opposition from the National Rifle Association and other groups advocating for Second Amendment rights, who launched statewide robocall campaigns against it. Williams highlighted the external origin of the calls and maintained that the legislation received significant bipartisan support.[139] Governor Jerry Brown ultimately signed both bills into law in September 2014.[140][141] .

Lawsuits

In March 2015, Hong, Wang, and Chen's parents filed a civil rights lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, the Sheriff's department, Capri Apartments, and the property management company claiming negligence and breaches of the victims' constitutional right to due process.[142][143][144] They claimed that since Rodger moved into the Capri Apartments in 2011, he insulted and fought with a lot of his roommates and displayed odd behavior, but the apartment owners failed to conduct reasonable background checks before assigning Hong and Wang as his roommates and failed to warn them that Rodger had had serious conflicts with his previous roommates.[145] They also contended that the county and its Sheriff's Department violated their rights to due process by ignoring repeated "red flags" that Rodger was violent and unstable, even after a mental health worker saw YouTube videos that Rodger had posted and contacted authorities to say that Rodger appeared to be a danger to himself and others.[146]

U.S. District Judge John Walter removed Santa Barbara County and the Sheriff's department from the lawsuit on October 28, 2015, determining that the county had not infringed upon their constitutional rights under federal law and that the Sheriff's department did not act neglectfully, nor did their procedures or guidelines contribute to the harm they suffered. The judge concluded that the victim's parents failed to sufficiently demonstrate a violation of their due process rights, and although the judge dismissed the state-law claims within the lawsuit, he allowed for the claims to be re-submitted. The victim's parents proceeded to file their claims again on November 20, 2015.[147] Capri Apartments and the property management company sought to have the lawsuit dismissed, but their motion was denied in February 2017. By May 2017, a trial date was scheduled for September 15 of the same year.[148] The lawsuit was later settled nearly a week and a half before the trial was to start. Despite the property management company's denial of a settlement, Patrick McNicholas, an attorney for the victim's parents, claimed a settlement of $20 million was reached.[149]

In June 2015, the cyclist who was struck by Rodger's vehicle and subsequently handcuffed filed a civil lawsuit against Santa Barbara County, Rodger's parents, and the University of California Santa Barbara, citing negligence, false imprisonment, and civil rights infringements. The lawsuit contended that both campus police and the Santa Barbara Sheriff's Department did not adequately investigate Rodger despite his release of several YouTube videos indicating his potential threat to others. Additionally, it was argued that Rodger's parents were negligent in allowing their mentally unstable son access to a BMW.[150][151][152]

Misogyny

The attack sparked discussion of broader issues of violence against women and misogyny.[153][154] According to the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism at the Hague, these attacks were an act of misogynist terrorism.[6] Writer M.E. Williams objected to Rodger being labeled the "virgin killer", saying that implies that "one possible cause of male aggression is a lack of female sexual acquiescence".[155] Amanda Hess, writing for Slate, argued that although Rodger killed more men than women, his motivations were misogynistic because his reason for hating the men he attacked was that he thought they stole the women he felt entitled to.[156] Writing for Reason, Cathy Young countered with "that seems like a good example of stretching the concept into meaninglessness – or turning it into unfalsifiable quasi-religious dogma" and wrote that Rodger also wrote many hateful messages about other men.[157]

In Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny feminist academic Kate Manne analyzed the many arguments presented by Young, Mac Donald, and other media commentators to the effect that Rodger could not have been a misogynist because (among other reasons) he was sexually attracted to women, his hateful rhetoric was ultimately the result of mental illness, Rodger loved his mother and hence did not evince a psychological hatred of all women, and he murdered more men than women as an example of a no true Scotsman fallacy. In contrast to a narrow definition of misogyny requiring generalized hatred of women with few (or no) exceptions, similar to the virulent antisemitism of Nazi Germany, Manne argued that in practice misogynists tend to selectively target women based on real or imagined violations of patriarchal norms, and that an excessively narrow conception of misogyny "threaten[s] to deprive women of a suitable name for a potentially potent problem facing them."[158]

Controversy over publication of Rodger's videos and manifesto

Several news networks limited the use of the "Retribution" video posted by Rodger for fear of triggering copycat crimes.[159] The New Statesman posited that the manifesto may influence a "new generation of 'involuntary celibates'".[160]

Genius.com co-founder Mahbod Moghadam resigned after receiving negative media attention by adding annotations on Genius.com to the manifesto written by Rodger, which he described as "beautifully written". CNN described Moghadam's annotations as "tasteless and creepy",[161] while Genius.com CEO Tom Lehman said in a statement that it "went beyond that into gleeful insensitivity and misogyny."[162]

See also

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