Elisabeth Leonskaja (born 23 November 1945) (in Russian: Елизавета Ильинична Леонская) is a Soviet and Austrian pianist. She was trained in the Russian school of piano. She made an international career after she won the Enesco International Piano Competition in Bucharest in 1964, and has lived in Vienna since 1978.

Leonskaja was born on 23 November 1945 to a family of Jewish and Polish origin living in Tbilisi,^[1][2] then the capital of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.

When Leonskaja was six and a half, her parents were able to buy her first upright piano. At 7, she passed the entrance exam of one of Tbilisi's sixty music schools.^[3] At 11, she gave her orchestral debut with Beethoven's Piano Concerto in C major, at 13 her first solo recital. At 14, she began an intense four-year period of study in secondary school with a new piano teacher from Kiev, influenced by the Russian school of piano. In 1964, Elisabeth Leonskaja won the Enesco International Piano Competition in Bucharest. The judges included the composer and conductor Aram Khachaturian and the pianist Arthur Rubinstein.^[4]

In 1964, Leonskaja began studies in the Moscow Conservatory. During her conservatory years she won prizes in the Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition in Paris and the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels.^[5]

Leonskaja left the Soviet Union in 1978 and has since then resided in Vienna.^[6] A notable recording of hers is of Edvard Grieg's arrangement for two pianos of Mozart's piano sonatas K. 545 and K. 533/494, accompanied by Sviatoslav Richter, with whom she built a close friendship and collaboration.^[7] She recorded many years for Teldec, now for German label MDG, and presently for several different labels including Warner, who have also re-released a number of recordings. She also gives many masterclasses.^[8]

Leonskaja was married for a short time to the violinist Oleg Kagan.^[7]

• Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2005)^[9]
• Honorary citizen of Deutschlandsberg (1999)^[10]