The Elbert Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The formation contains fossils indicating it is upper Devonian in age.

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Elbert Formation
Stratigraphic range: upper Devonian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Formation
Underlies	Ouray Formation
Overlies	Aneth Formation
Thickness	44 m (145 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, mudrock, carbonate rock
Location
Coordinates	37°35′42″N 107°51′07″W
Region	Four Corners
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Elbert Creek
Named by	Cross
Year defined	1904
Elbert Formation (the United States) Show map of the United States Elbert Formation (Colorado) Show map of Colorado

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The Elbert Formation is divided into the lower McCracken Sandstone Member and upper unnamed member. The McCracken Sandstone Member consists mostly of gray to brown very fine to coarse grained sandstone, with lesser amounts of dolomite and gray to green shale.^[1] The sandstones are very highly cemented, with almost no pore space.^[2] The member is distinguished from the underlying Ignacio Formation by its relative lack of feldspar. The McCracken Sandstone Member was first identified in the subsurface, where the Aneth Formation is sometimes found between the McCracken Member and the Ignacio Formation.^[3] It crops out at the surface near the Needle Mountains.^[4] Total thickness is up to 43 meters (140 ft).^[3]

The remainder of the Elbert Formation consists of thin-bedded brownish-gray dolomite and sandstone, green to red shale, and small amounts of anhydrite. It is well exposed at the surface in the Piedra River canyon. The formation is overlain by the Ouray Formation.^[5] Maximum thickness is up to 91 meters (300 ft).^[4]

The McCracken Sandstone Member is interpreted as shallow marine sand deposited during a rise in sea level (a transgression). The upper member contains casts of salt crystals, stromatolites, and fish fossils suggesting it was deposited in a tidal flat environment during a time of increasing sea depth and tectonic stability.^[5] The area was at the western edge of the Transcontinental Arch^[2] and the formation may record deposition along a rocky shoreline, a depositional environment rarely preserved in the geological record.^[6]

The Elbert Formation contains remains of fossilized fish characteristic of the upper Devonian.^[2]

The Elbert Formation extends in the subsurface into Utah, where the McCracken Sandstone Member is an important petroleum reservoir at Lisbon Valley.^[7]

The formation was first designated by Charles Whitman Cross in 1904 for exposures at Elbert Creek.^[8] The McCracken Sandstone Member was designated in 1955 by R.L. Knight and J.C. Cooper.^[9] Evans, Maurer, and Holm-Denoma recommended reassigning the McCracken Sandstone to the underlying Ignacio Formation in 2019.^[10]