1977–1979: First term

Riner is most well known for a law she wrote, requiring that a copy of the Ten Commandments be displayed on a plaque in every Kentucky public school classroom.^[5] The original proposal called for a 31⁄2 by 5 foot (1.1 by 1.5 meters) plaque,^[10] but a committee amendment reset the size at 16 by 20 inches (41 by 50.8 cm).^[16][17] In an attempt to satisfy the Establishment Clause, the bill carried a fine-print inscription, reading "the secular application of the Ten Commandants is clearly seen in its adoption as the fundamental legal code of Western Civilization and the Common Law of the United States". In addition, the bill opted for private funding of the plaques through evangelical and fundamentalist churches.^[16]

Riner and her husband campaigned for the bill vigorously. Within a week of taking office, she publicly set the measure as one of her highest priorities.^[3] The Riners, attending the Southern Baptist Convention as credentialed messengers, called for the convention to encourage posting of the Ten Commandments in classrooms in a formal motion. However, the motion was not considered; the convention's Credentials Committee voted to revoke the Riners' credentials, because their Logos Baptist Church was not considered affiliated with the denomination.^[18] The bill passed the legislature nearly unanimously; the opposition numbered four in the House and four in the Senate. In 1980, a legal challenge to the bill resulted in the bill getting struck down by the Supreme Court of the United States.^[19]

During her first term, Riner sponsored a measure to ban the distribution and sale of pornography to minors, which failed in a 5–4 committee vote; objecting members cited already-existing provisions in the law, the role of the state government, and police overreach.^[20][21] She also proposed a bill that would prevent Kentucky from regulating church schools, and her husband organized a rally at the Capitol building in favor of the measure.^[22]

According to The Courier-Journal, Tom Riner had a significant hand in Claudia's legislative operations throughout her tenure. During the campaign for her first term, they frequently portrayed themselves as a joint unit, using "we" to refer to themselves as the candidate—Tom remarked that "I feel like I have been elected ... we ran as a team. They got two for the price of one". Claudia even requested that Tom be given a seat in the House chamber, to no avail; he would sit in her chair when the House was not in session. This led other House members to refer to him as the "101st member" of the 100-member body.^[10] Indeed, the Riners jointly denied an accusation in 1978 that they distributed lesbian erotica in the House chamber in opposition to the ERA. The actual, professed originator was the chairwoman of Kentucky's STOP ERA organization.^[23] Claudia told the Lexington Herald in 1980 that she had received press inquiries on whether Tom controlled her voting patterns; she clarified that she sends a questionnaire around her district, the results of which determine her votes.^[5]

Riner had a tumultuous re-election campaign against primary challenger and credit analyst Michael Thomas; the election was Thomas's first run for office. The Democratic leadership in the district supported Thomas over Riner, nervous about her status as a conservative and former Republican;^[24] the Democratic Party chair in the district, Frank Quickert Jr., alleged that Riner was a Republican who "registered [Democratic] specifically to do as much damage to the Democratic Party as she could".^[2] Riner responded that the criticisms showed that her opposition could not find any issue with her voting record, commenting that "they can't criticize my voting record because my voting record reflects the district".^[2] Some Democrats alleged that Riner and her husband worked for Republican candidates in the 1976 United States elections; in particular, U.S. Representative Romano Mazzoli's challenger in Kentucky's 3rd congressional district, Republican Denzil Ramsey. Riner denied having done any political work for Republican candidates, although she did express dislike of Mazzoli.^[2] In the end, Riner beat Thomas in the primary with 58 percent of the vote.^[25]

1979–1981: Second term

Riner proposed more bills in her second term; in March 1980, she pushed for a law to requiring schools teach creationism alongside evolution. The bill also required the state's textbook commission to make a list of textbooks teaching both disciplines. Despite persistent lobbying the night before the bill was up for vote in the House Rules Committee, the bill failed by just one vote.^[15] She also proposed a bill requiring those convicted of misdemeanors to compensate their victims.^[5]

In March 1981, Riner dropped out of her campaign for re-election to the Kentucky House of Representatives, allowing her husband, Tom, to run for the seat instead. The cited reason was that Claudia wished to take care of her six-year-old son, Nicky, who had been diagnosed with a learning disability a few days earlier. Riner indicated that she would serve the rest of her term—she had been planning to reintroduce legislation requiring public schools to teach creationism.^[26]