The City of Lithgow is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is located adjacent to the Great Western Highway and the Main Western railway line.

The mayor of the City of Lithgow Council is Cr. Maree Statham, who is unaligned with any political party.

The council seat is located in the city of Lithgow, the largest regional centre. The area also includes the towns and villages of Bell, Ben Bullen, Bogee, Bowenfels, Capertee, Clarence, Cullen Bullen, Dargan, Glen Alice, Glen Davis, Hampton, Hartley, Hartley Vale, Little Hartley, Marrangaroo, Meadow Flat, Newnes, Portland, Rydal, Sodwalls, Tarana, and Wallerawang.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics on 2006 census night there were:^[4]

• 21,157 people living in the area, making the City the 77th largest Local Government Area in New South Wales. It was equal to 0.3% of the New South Wales population of 6,827,694
• 116 more people living in the area than the previous period, giving the City the 82nd largest population growth in a Local Government Area in New South Wales. It was equal to 0.2% of the 58,753 increase in the population of New South Wales
• in percentage terms, an increase of 0.6% in the number of people over the year, the 92nd fastest growth in population of a Local Government Area in New South Wales. In New South Wales the population grew by 0.9%
• was an increase in population over the 10 years of 733 people or 3.6% (0.4% in annual average terms), the 81st highest rate of a Local Government Area in New South Wales. In New South Wales the population grew by 622,966 or 10% (1.0% in annual average terms) over the same period.

The City of Lithgow has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• Ben Bullen, Wallerawang-Gwabegar railway: Ben Bullen railway station^[7]
• Bowenfels, Great Western Highway: Fernhill, Bowenfels^[8]
• Bowenfels, via Kirkley Street: Lithgow Heavy Anti Aircraft Gun Stations and Dummy Station^[9]
• Bowenfels, Main Western railway: Bowenfels railway station^[10]
• Bowenfels, Main Western railway: Bowenfels rail viaducts^[11]
• Hartley, Great Western Highway: Hartley historic site^[12]
• Hartley, 200 Jenolan Caves Road: Military Station archaeological site^[13]
• Hartley, The Old Bathurst Road: Cox's Road and Early Deviations - Hartley, Clarence Hilly Range and Mount Blaxland Precinct^[14]
• Hartley Vale, Hartley Vale Road: Collits' Inn^[15]
• Lithgow, Bent Street: Lithgow Valley Colliery and Pottery Site^[16]
• Lithgow, Brewery Lane: Lithgow Zig Zag^[17]
• Lithgow, Gas Works Lane: Lithgow Coal Stage Signal Box^[18]
• Lithgow, Inch Street: Lithgow Blast Furnace^[19]
• Lithgow, Jenolan Caves Road: McKanes Falls Bridge^[20]
• Lithgow, Main West Line 156.334 km, James Street: Lithgow Underbridge^[21]
• Lithgow, Main Western railway: Eskbank railway station, New South Wales^[22]
• Lithgow, Main Western railway: Ten Tunnels Deviation^[23]
• Lithgow, Railway Parade: Lithgow railway station^[24]
• Lithgow, Top Points Zig Zag railway: Cooerwull railway footbridge^[25]
• Marrangaroo, Main Western railway: Marrangaroo railway viaduct^[26]
• Old Bowenfels, 70 Mudgee Street: Bowenfels National School Site^[27]
• Portland, Carlton Road: Raffan's Mill and Brick Bottle Kilns^[28]
• Portland, Williwa Street: Portland Cement Works Precinct^[29]
• Rydal, Main Western railway: Rydal railway station^[30]
• Rydal, Main Western railway: Rydal rail underbridges^[31]
• Sodwalls, off Cuthill Road: Cox's Road and Early Deviations - Sodwalls, Fish River Descent Precinct^[32]
• Tarana, Main Western railway: Tarana railway station^[33]
• Wallerawang, Main Street: St John the Evangelist Church, Wallerawang^[34]
• Wallerawang, Main Western railway: Coxs River railway bridges, Wallerangang^[35]
• Wallerawang, Main Western railway: Wallerawang railway station^[36]
• Wambool, Main Western railway: Wambool old-rail truss overbridges^[37]