Boron_triiodide

Boron triiodide

Boron triiodide

Chemical compound

Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI3. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

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Preparation

Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.[citation needed] It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:

3HI + BCl3 → BI3 + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:[2]

3LiBH4 + 8I2 → 3LiI + 3BI3 + 4H2 + 4HI

Properties

In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive[3] crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P63/m (space group no. 176)).[4] Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.[2]

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

BI3 + 3H2O ⇌ B(OH)3 + 3HI

Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI3 becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.[5]

Applications

Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).[6]

References

  1. [1]
    Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. [2]
    Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
  3. [3]
    "Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  4. [4]
    Albert, Barbara; Schmitt, Konny (May 2001). "Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 627 (5): 809–810. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 0044-2313.
  5. [5]
    Hamaya, Nozomu; Ishizuka, Miyuki; Onoda, Suzue; Guishan, Jiang; Ohmura, Ayako; Shimizu, Katsuya (2010). "Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide". Physical Review B. 82 (9): 094506. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82i4506H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506.
  6. [6]
    "Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report". www.innovations-report.de. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
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