Boriwen
Boriwen (Thai: บริเวณ) were subdivisions of three of the larger Thai monthon. Several mueang were grouped together into one boriwen. In 1908 the boriwen were renamed to changwat,[1] which became the name of provinces countrywide in 1916.[2]
The monthon with between three and five boriwen were Phayap, Udon Thani and Isan. Each boriwen was administrated by a commissioner (khaluang boriwen, ข้าหลวงบริเวณ). The administrative headquarters of the boriwen were located in the provincial town listed first:
- Monthon Phayap
- Boriwen Northern Chiangmai: Chiang Rai, Chiang Saen, Papao, Nongkhwang, and Fang
- Boriwen Western Chiangmai: Mae Hong Son, Yuam, Khun Yuam, and Pai
- Boriwen Northern Nan: Chiangkhong, Thoeng, Chiangkham, Chianglaeng, Chianglom, Chianghon (Khop and Kutsawadi were seceded to France in 1904)
- Monthon Udon Thani
- Boriwen Makkhaeng: Ban Makkhaeng (Udonthani), Nongkhai, Nonglahan, Kumphawapi, Kamutthasai, Phonphisai, and Rattanawapi
- Boriwen Phachi: Khonkaen, Chonnabot, and Phuwiang
- Boriwen That Phanom: Nakhon Phanom, Chaiburi, Tha Uthen and Mukdahan
- Boriwen Sakon: Sakon Nakhon
- Boriwen Nam Huang: Loei, Kaen Thao, Bo Tha
- Monthon Isan
- Boriwen Ubon: Ubon Ratchathani, Khemmarat, Yasothon
- Boriwen Champassak (Bassac): Champassak (Bassac)
- Boriwen Khukhan: Khukhan, Sisaket, and Det-udom
- Boriwen Surin: Surin, and Sangkha
- Boriwen Roi-et: Roi Et, Mahasarakham, Kalasin, Kammalasai, Suwannaphum
