Azeotrope_tables

Azeotrope tables

Boiling points of liquid mixtures

This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.

The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition^[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition^[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).

A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.^[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.^[4]

Ternary azeotropes

Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.

More information Data source color code ...

More information 2nd component, b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) ...

Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C
2nd component	b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C)	3rd component	b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C)	b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt 1st	% wt 2nd	% wt 3rd	spec. grav
ethanol	78.4	ethyl acetate	77.1	70.3 °C	7.8	9.0	83.2	0.901
		cyclohexane	80.8	62.1	7	17	76
		benzene	80.2	64.9	7.4 U 1.3 L 43.1	18.5 U 12.7 L 52.1	74.1 U 86.0 L 4.8	U 0.866 L 0.892
		chloroform	61.2	55.5	3.5 U 80.8 L 0.5	4.0 U 18.2 L 3.7	92.5 U 1.0 L 95.8	U 0.976 L 1.441
		carbon tetrachloride	86.8	61.8	4.3	9.7	86.0
		carbon tetrachloride	86.8	61.8	3.4 U 44.5 L <0.1	10.3 U 48.5 L 5.2	86.3 U 7.0 L 94.8	U 0.935 L 1.519
		ethylene chloride	83.7	66.7	5	17	78
		acetonitrile	82.0	72.9	1.0	55.0	44.0
		toluene	110.6	74.4	12.0 U 3.1 L 20.7	37.0 U 15.6 L 54.8	51.0 U 81.3 L 24.5	U 0.849 L 0.855
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	73.2	11.0	14.0	75.0	0.832
		n-hexane	69.0	56.0	3.0 U 0.5 L 19.0	12.0 U 3.0 L 75.0	85.0 U 96.5 L 6.0	U 0.672 L 0.833
		n-heptane	98.4	68.8	6.1 U 0.2 L 15.0	33.0 U 5.0 L 75.9	60.9 U 94.8 L 9.1	U 0.686 L 0.801
		carbon disulfide	46.2	41.3	1.6	5.0	93.4
n-propanol	97.2	cyclohexane	80.8	66.6	8.5	10.0	81.5
		benzene	80.2	68.5	8.6	9.0	82.4
		carbon tetrachloride	76.8	65.4	5 U 84.9 L 1.0	11 U 15.0 L 11.0	84 U 0.1 L 88.0	U 0.979 L 1.436
		diethyl ketone	102.2	81.2	20	20	60
		n-propyl acetate	101.6	82.2	21.0	19.5	59.5
Isopropyl alcohol	82.5	cyclohexane	80.8	64.3	7.5	18.5	74.0
		cyclohexane	80.8	66.1	7.5	21.5	71.0
		benzene	80.2 °C	66.5	7.5	18.7	73.8
		benzene	80.2 °C	65.7 °C	8.2 U 2.3 L 85.1	19.8 U 20.2 L 14.4	72.0 U 77.5 L 0.5	U 0.855 L 0.966
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	73.4	11.0	1.0	88.0	0.834
		toluene	110.6	76.3	13.1 U 8.5 L 61.0	38.2 U 38.2 L 38.0	48.7 U 53.3 L 1.0	U 0.845 L 0.930
allyl alcohol	97.0	n-hexane	69.0	59.7	5 U 0.5 L 64.4	5 U 3.6 L 34.8	90 U 95.9 L 0.8	U 0.668 L 0.964
		benzene	80.2	68.2	8.6 U 0.6 L 80.9	9.2 U 8.7 L 17.7	82.2 U 90.7 L 0.4	U 0.877 L 0.985
		cyclohexane	80.8	66.2	8	11	81
		carbon tetrachloride	76.8	65.2	5 U 71.7 L 0.8	11 U 25.6 L 10.1	84 U 2.7 L 89.1	U 0.777 L 1.464
benzene	80.1	acetonitrile	82.0	66.0	8.2	68.5	23.3
benzene	80.1	methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	68.2	8.8 U 0.6 L 94.7	65.1 U 71.3 L 0.1	26.1 U 28.1 L 5.2	U 0.858 L 0.992
methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	carbon tetrachloride	76.8	65.7	3.0 U 94.4 L 0.1	22.2 U 5.5 L 22.6	74.8 U 0.1 L 77.3	U 0.993 L 1.313
methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	cyclohexane	81.0	63.6	5.0 U 0.6 L 89.9	60.0 U 37.0 L 10.0	35.0 U 62.4 L 0.1	U 0.769 L 0.98
chloroform	61.2	methanol	64.65	52.6	4.0 U 27.0 L 3.0	81.0 U 32.0 L 83.0	15.0 U 41.0 L 14.0	U 1.022 L 1.399
chloroform	61.2	acetone^‡	56.5	60.4	4.0	57.6	38.4

^‡Saddle azeotrope

More information 2nd component, b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C) ...

^‡Saddle azeotrope

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Azeotrope_tables, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[Langes-1] [1]
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp. 1496–1505

[crc-2] [2]
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pp. 2143–2184

[:0-3] [3]
Lee H. Horsley, ed. (1 June 1973). Azeotropic Data—III. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 166. Vol. 116. American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/ba-1973-0116. ISBN 9780841201668.

[4] [4]
"Azeotrope Databank".

[br-5] [5]
"What is an Azeotrope?". B/R Corporation. Archived from the original on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.

[metalfinishing-6] [6]
John Durkee (November 2000). "Binary Organic Azeotropes Useful for Solvent Cleaning" (PDF). metalfinishing.com. Retrieved 13 February 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}

[hilmen-7] [7]
Hilmen, Eva-Katrine (November 2000). "Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures: Tools for Analysis and Studies on Batch Distillation Operation" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology, dept. of Chemical Engineering. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2004. Retrieved 24 March 2007.

[8] [8]
Composition of Vapors from Boiling Binary Solutions J. J. Conti, D. F. Othmer, Roger Gilmont. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5 (3), pp. 301–307 doi:10.1021/je60007a019

[9] [9]
US4826576A, Berg, Lloyd & Yeh, An-I., "Separation of isopropyl acetate from isopropanol by extractive distillation", issued 1989-05-02

[10] [10]
"Modeling and optimization of pressure distillation to achieve pharma-grade THF".

[merck4653-11] [11]
Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 9th ed. monograph 4653

[:1-12] [12]
Reinders, W.; de Minjer, C. H. (3 September 2010). "Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. V. The system water-formic acid-metaxylene". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas. 66 (9): 564–572. doi:10.1002/recl.19470660905.

[ponton-13] [13]
Ponton, Jack (September 2001). "Azeotrope Databank". The Edinburgh Collection of Open Software for Simulation and Education, University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original (Queriable database) on 24 April 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2007.

[cheric-14] [14]
"Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center.

[15] [15]
Rumble, John (2020). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (101 ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.

[BASF_THF-16] [16]
"Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Storage and Handling" (PDF). BASF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2005. Retrieved 24 May 2007.

[17] [17]
US US2530325, Carl S Carlson, "Azeotropic distillation of mesitylene from isophorone", published 1950-11-14, issued 1950-11-14

[18] [18]
"1,2-Propanediol". ChemIndustry.ru. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

component 1	b.p. comp. 1 (˚C)	component 2	b.p. comp. 2 (˚C)	b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt comp. 1	% wt comp. 2	spec. grav.
acetaldehyde	21.0	diethyl ether	34.6	20.5	76.0	24.0	0.762
acetaldehyde	21.0	n-butane^[13]	–0.5	–7.0	16.0	84.0
acetamide	222.0	benzaldehyde	179.5	178.6	6.5	93.5
		nitrobenzene	210.9	202.0	24.0	76.0
		o-xylene	144.1	142.6	11.0	89.0
acetonitrile	82.0	ethyl acetate	77.15	74.8	23.0	77.0
acetonitrile	82.0	toluene^[14]	110.6	81.1	76.0	24.0
acetylene	–86.6	ethane	–88.3	–94.5	40.7	59.3
aniline	184.4	o-cresol	191.5	191.3	8.0	92.0
carbon disulfide	46.2	diethyl ether	34.6	34.4	1.0	99.0	0.719
		1,1-dichloroethane	57.2	46.0	94.0	6.0
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	45.9	84.7	15.3	1.157
		ethyl acetate^[6]	77.1	46.1	97	3
		methyl acetate^[6]	57.0	40.2	73	27
chloroform	61.2	methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	79.9	17.0	83.0	0.877
chloroform	61.2	n-hexane	68.7	60.0	72.0	28.0	1.101
carbon tetrachloride	76.8	methyl ethyl ketone	79.9	73.8	71.0	29.0	1.247
		ethylene dichloride	84.0	75.3	78.0	22.0	1.500
		ethyl acetate	77.1	74.8	57.0	43.0	1.202
cyclohexane	80.74	ethyl acetate	77.15	72.8	46.0	54.0
cyclohexane	80.74	ethyl nitrate	88.7	74.5	64.0	36.0
diethyl ether	34.6	methyl formate	31.50	28.2	44.0	56.0
diethyl ether	34.6	methylene chloride^[5]	40	40.8	30	70
nitromethane	101.0	toluene	110.8	96.5	55.0	45.0
tetrahydrofuran^[16]	65.6	chloroform	61.2	72.5	34.5	65.5
tetrahydrofuran^[16]	65.6	n-hexane	69	63.0	46.5	53.5
toluene	110.63	pyridine	115.3	110.2	78.0	22.0
propylene glycol^[18]	188.2	aniline	184.4	179.5	43	57
		o-xylene	144.4	135.8	10	90
		toluene	110.6	110.5	1.5	98.5

2nd component	b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C)	3rd component	b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C)	b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt 1st	% wt 2nd	% wt 3rd	spec. grav
acetone	56.5	chloroform^‡	61.2	57.5	23.0	30.0	47.0
		methyl acetate	57.0	53.7	17.4	5.8	76.8	0.898
		cyclohexane	81.4	51.5	16.0	43.5	40.5
methyl acetate	57.1	carbon disulfide	46.2	37.0
		cyclohexane	81.4	50.8	17.8	48.6	33.6
		n-hexane	69.0	45.0	14.0	27.0	59.0	0.73

Azeotrope_tables

Azeotrope tables

Binary azeotropes

Binary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

Binary azeotropes of allyl alcohol, b.p.=97.0 °C

Binary azeotropes of ethanol, b.p.=78.4 °C

Binary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.7 °C

Binary azeotropes of n-propanol, b.p.=97.2 °C

Binary azeotropes of acetic acid, b.p.=118.5 °C

Binary azeotropes of Isopropyl alcohol, b.p.=82.5 °C

Binary azeotropes of formic acid, b.p.=100.8 °C

Binary azeotropes of benzene, b.p.=80.1 °C

Binary azeotropes of ethylene glycol, b.p.=197.4 °C

Binary azeotropes of glycerol, b.p.=291.0 °C

Binary azeotropes of acetone, b.p.=56.5 °C

Miscellaneous azeotrope pairs

Ternary azeotropes

Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

Ternary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.65 °C

References

Share this article: