The artery of the round ligament of the uterus, also known as Sampson's artery,^[2][3] is a branch of the inferior epigastric artery.^[4] It runs under, and supplies, the round ligament of the uterus.^[5] It constitutes an anastomosis of the uterine artery and ovarian artery.^[6] It was originally named after John A. Sampson (1873–1946), an American gynecologist who studied endometriosis.^[7]

It is considered an insignificant artery that is dissected during hysterectomies. It can be the source of hemoperitoneum,^[8] but only rarely does it pose a hemodynamic risk to the patient if severed and it is easily cauterized or sutured to prevent bleeding.^{[citation needed]}