Albert Sigmund Gustav Döderlein (5 July 1860, Augsburg – 10 December 1941, Munich) was a German obstetrician and gynecologist.^[1] He was the father of gynecologist Gustav Döderlein.

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He studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, and from 1893 to 1897 was an associate professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Leipzig. Afterwards, he was a full professor at the Universities of Groningen (1897), Tübingen (from 1897 to 1907) and Munich (from 1907 to 1934).^[2]

He is considered one the founders of gynecological bacteriology. He was among the first to use radiotherapeutics in cancer therapy and is credited with introducing rubber gloves in obstetrics and gynecology.^[3] His name is associated with the Döderlein vaginal bacillus, a large, gram-positive bacterium that he first described in 1892.^[4]

• Leitfaden für den geburtshilflichen Operationskurs, Leipzig 1893.
• Über Vergangenheit und Gegenwart der Geburtshülfe, Leipzig 1897.
• Operative Gynäkologie, Leipzig 1905; (with Bernhard Krönig).
• Handbuch der Geburtshilfe, 4 volumes, Wiesbaden 1915–1921.^[2]