Acetrizoic_acid

Acetrizoic acid

Acetrizoic acid

Chemical compound

Acetrizoic acid is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an iodinated contrast medium for X-ray imaging.[1][2] It was applied in form of its salt, sodium acetrizoate, but is no longer in clinical use.[3]

Quick Facts Clinical data, Trade names ...

Chemistry and mechanism of action

The substance has high osmolality and is water-soluble. The three iodine atoms in the molecule readily absorb X-rays and are therefore responsible for its usability as a contrast medium.[3]

History

Acetrizoate was developed by V.H. Wallingford of Mallinckrodt, and introduced in 1950;[4] it was employed as a contrast agent for several radiographic studies, including pyelography,[5][6] angiography of the brain, carotid arteries and the aorta,[7][8] and cholecystography.[9][10] It was soon found to be highly toxic to the kidneys and nervous system—work urging caution in its administration was published as early as 1959,[11] after reports of adverse reactions ranging from hypersensitivity to brain damage—and was eventually replaced by other agents with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, such as sodium diatrizoate, a closely related compound.[4]

Trade names

Trade names include Urokon, Triurol and Salpix, as well as Gastrografina and Urografina in Portugal.

References

  1. [1]
    International Drug Names: Acetrizoic acid.
  2. [2]
    Cheng, K. T. (2004). "5-3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-propionamido)-N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide". PMID 20641966. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. [3]
    "Acetrizoate sodium". Online Medical Dictionary. University of Newcastle upon Tyne. March 5, 2000. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  4. [4]
    McClennan BL (1990). "Preston M. Hickey memorial lecture. Ionic and nonionic iodinated contrast media: evolution and strategies for use". AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology. 155 (2): 225–33. doi:10.2214/ajr.155.2.2115244. PMID 2115244.
  5. [5]
    NESBIT RM, LAPIDES J (1950). "Preliminary report on urokon, a new excretory pyelographic medium". J Urol. 63 (6): 1109–12. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)68871-2. PMID 15422724.
  6. [6]
    EYLER WR, DREW DR, BOHNE AW (1956). "A comparative clinical trial of urographic media: renografin, hypaque, and urokon". Radiology. 66 (6): 871–3. doi:10.1148/66.6.871. PMID 13323329.
  7. [7]
    LIU P, MURTAGH F, WYCIS HT, SCOTT M (1953). "Report of one hundred carotid angiograms taken with the new contrast medium acetrizoate (urokon) on Chamberlain's biplane stereoscopic angiographic unit". AMA Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry. 69 (5): 651–2. PMID 13039633.
  8. [8]
    SEAMAN WB, SCHWARTZ HG (1953). "Cerebral arteriography with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) 30%". AMA Archives of Surgery. 67 (5): 741–5. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1953.01260040752012. PMID 13103941.
  9. [9]
    ORLOFF TL (1955). "Intravenous cholecystography with a new medium; experience with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) seventy per cent". AMA Archives of Surgery. 71 (4): 620–2. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1955.01270160146019. PMID 13258064.
  10. [10]
    WOOLLEY IM, KEIZUR LW, MAYERHARNISCH G (1957). "Gallbladder visualization following the use of 70 per cent sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) for intravenous pyelography". Radiology. 69 (4): 576–7. doi:10.1148/69.4.576. PMID 13485425.
  11. [11]
    LANCE EM, KILLEN DA, SCOTT HW (1959). "A plea for caution in the use of sodium acetrizoate (urokon) for aortography". Ann Surg. 150 (1): 172. doi:10.1097/00000658-195907000-00022. PMC 1613496. PMID 13661846.
Stub icon

This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Acetrizoic_acid, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.