2018_Historic_Grand_Prix_of_Monaco

2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco
2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco
← Previous race	Next race →
	Circuit de Monaco
Race details
Date	11–13 May 2018
Official name	11e Grand Prix de Monaco Historique
Location	Circuit de Monaco
Course	Street circuit
Course length	3.337 km (2.074 miles)

2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco

Motor car race

The 2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco was the eleventh running of the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco, a motor racing event for heritage Grand Prix, Voiturettes, Formula One, Formula Two and Sports cars.

Quick Facts Race details, Date ...

Results

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article 2018_Historic_Grand_Prix_of_Monaco, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[2018-Quot-1-GB-1] [1]
"Le Quotidien 2018" (PDF). Le Quotidien. No. 1. www.acm.mc. 9 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

[2018-Quot-3-GB-2] [2]
"Le Quotidien 2018" (PDF). Le Quotidien. No. 3. www.acm.mc. 11 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

[2018-Quot-5-GB-3] [3]
"Le Quotidien 2018" (PDF). Le Quotidien. No. 5. www.acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

[2018-Quot-4-GB-4] [4]
"Le Quotidien 2018" (PDF). Le Quotidien. No. 4. www.acm.mc. 9 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

[2018-A-race-5] [5]
"A-Classement-de-la-course-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-A-grid-6] [6]
"A-Grille-de-depart-finale.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-A-quali-7] [7]
"A-Classement-des-essais-qualificatifs.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-B-race-8] [8]
"B-Classement-de-la-course-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-B-grid-9] [9]
"B-Grille-de-depart-finale-signe.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-C-race-10] [10]
"C-Classement-de-la-course-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-C-grid-11] [11]
"C-Grille-de-depart-finale-2.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-C-quali-12] [12]
"C-Classement-essais-qualificatifs-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.

[2018-D-race-13] [13]
"D-Classement-de-la-course-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-D-grid-14] [14]
"D-grille-de-depart-finale.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-D-quali-15] [15]
"D-Classement-des-essais-qualificatifs.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-E-race-16] [16]
"E-Classement-de-la-course-final-2.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-E-grid-17] [17]
"E-Grille-de-depart-finale.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-E-quali-18] [18]
"E-Classement-des-essais-qualificatifs.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-F-race-19] [19]
"F-Classement-de-la-course-final.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-F-grid-20] [20]
"F-Grille-de-depart-finale-.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-F-quali-21] [21]
"F-Classement-des-essais-qualificatifs-final-sign-é.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-G-race-22] [22]
"G-Classement-de-la-course-final-signé.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-G-grid-23] [23]
"G-Grille-de-depart-finale.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 13 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-G-quali-1-24] [24]
"G-Classement-essais-qualificatifs-class1-final-s-igné.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[2018-G-quali-23-25] [25]
"G-Classement-essais-qualificatifs-class23-final-signé-.pdf" (PDF). acm.mc. 12 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

Série	Cars	Years	Pole position		Fastest lap		Race winner
A	Grand Prix	Pre-war	Michael Gans	2:04.301	Paddins Dowling	2:01.641	Paddins Dowling
B	Formula 1 and Formula 2	Pre-1961	Nick Padmore	1:53.168	Nick Padmore	1:53.633	Tony Wood
C	Sports cars - front engine	1952-1955	Chris Ward	1:59.377	Chris Ward	2:18.797	Chris Ward
D	Formula 1	1961-1965	Andy Middlehurst	1:48.550	Joe Colasacco	1:48.873	Andy Middlehurst
E	Formula 1	1966-1972	Björn Wirdheim	1:34.360	Stuart Hall	1:34.295	Björn Wirdheim
F	Formula 1	1973-1976	Stuart Hall	1:31.796	Alex Caffi	1:50.266	Michael Lyons
G	Formula 1	1977-1980	Martin O'Connell	1:29.808	Jordan Grogor	1:42.041	Martin O'Connell

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	26	Paddins Dowling	ERA R5B	1936	10	20:51.995	2
2	22	Michael Gans	ERA R1B	1935	10	+17.538	1
3	32	Anthony Sinopoli	Maserati 6CM/4CM	1936	10	+37.670	4
4	24	Nicholas Topliss	ERA R4A	1935	10	+39.290	3
5	12	Lukas Halusa	Bugatti 35C	1927	10	+1:37.237	5
6	18	Terry Crabb	ERA R12C	1937	10	+2:04.712	8
7	34	Urs Müller	Maserati 6CM	1938	10	+2:05.023	6
8	40	Till Bechtolsheimer	Talbot-Lago T150C	1936	9	+1 lap	9
9	28	Andrew Hall	Frazer Nash Monoplace	1935	9	+1 lap	10
10	16	Paul-Emile Bessade	Delage 1500	1937	8	+2 laps	12
11	2	Lucas Slijpen	Amilcar C6	1928	8	+2 laps	14
12	4	Maurizio Piantelli	Bugatti 37A	1927	8	+2 laps	13
13	6	Robert Lamplough	Bugatti 37	1926	8	+2 laps	16
14	10	Julia de Baldanza	Bugatti 35B	1929	8	+2 laps	15
DNS	20	Chris MacAllister	ERA R14B	1937
DNS	36	Mark Hales	Maserati V8RI	1935
DNS	42	Christian Traber	Talbot-Lago T150 "MD"	1939
Sources:^[5]^[6]^[7]

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	48	Tony Wood	Tec-Mec F415	1959	9	17:39.995	2
2	30	Nick Padmore	Lotus 16	1958	9	+5.962	1
3	34	Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol	Lotus 16	1959	9	+16.408	4
4	50	Julian Bronson	Scarab F1	1960	9	+17.585	3
5	42	Guillermo Fierro-Eleta	Maserati 250F	1954	9	+54.062	6
6	28	Max Smith-Hilliard	Lotus 16	1958	9	+1:15.027	5
7	32	Marshall Bailey	Lotus 16	1959	9	+1:21.043	7
8	20	Ian Nuthall	Alta F2	1952	9	+1:23.483	8
9	56	Niklas Halusa	Maserati 250F	1959	9	+1:35.431	10
10	6	Paul Grant	Cooper T23 (Mk2)	1953	9	+1:44.172	12
11	8	Steve Russell	Cooper T23 (Mk2)	1953	9	+1:54.317	9
12	44	Jeffrey O'Neill	Maserati 250F	1957	9	+1:59.573	11
13	22	Michael Milligan	Connaught A	1952	8	+1 lap	14
14	2	Barry Wood	Cooper T20 (Mk1)	1952	8	+1 lap	18
15	18	Jean-Jacques Bally	Gordini T11/15	1951	8	+1 lap	13
16	14	Klaus Lehr	Talbot-Lago T26C	1948	8	+1 lap	15
17	36	Alex Birkenstock	Ferrari Dino 246	1960	8	+1 lap	17
18	40	Christian Dumolin	Maserati 250F	1954	8	+1 lap	19
19	38	Julia de Baldanza	Maserati A6GCM	1952	7	+2 laps	21
20	16	Eric Leroy	Gordini T11/15	1951	7	+2 laps	22
21	4	Eddie McGuire	Cooper T20 (Mk1)	1952	4	+5 laps	23
No lap	10	Christopher Phillips	Cooper T23 (Mk2)	1953			20
No lap	24	Helmut Gassmann	Connaught B	1955			16
Sources:^[8]^[9]

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	8	Chris Ward	Cooper T33 (Mk1)	1954	10	23:32.080	1
2	44	Ben Short	Lister-Maserati	1956	10	+34.064	4
3	42	Tony Wood	Lister-Bristol	1954	10	+1:05.645	6
4	14	Frederic Wakeman	Cooper T38 (Mk2)	1955	10	+1:21.696	2
5	30	Martin Hunt	HWM-Jaguar Sport	1954	10	+1:22.019	3
6	22	Patrick Blakeney-Edwards	Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica (Mk2)	1952	10	+1:23.672	8
7	74	Gregor Fisken	Maserati 200SI	1955	10	+1:25.125	10
8	16	David Franklin	Ferrari 225 S	1952	10	+1:25.916	16
9	52	Dieter Roschmann	Maserati 300S	1955	10	+1:48.478	7
10	70	Mathias Sielecki	Maserati A6GCS	1954	10	+2:12.300	18
11	4	Wolfgang Friedrichs	Aston Martin DB3S	1954	10	+2:13.268	12
12	66	Jean-Jacques Bally	Maserati A6GCS	1953	10	+2:14.195	15
13	40	Stephen Bond	Lister Flat Iron	1955	10	+2:20.733	11
14	10	Katarina Kyvalova	Cooper T33 (Mk1)	1954	9	+1 lap	13
15	36	Jeffrey O'Neill	Jaguar C-Type	1953	9	+1 lap	30
16	60	Michiel van Duijvendijk	Maserati A6GCS	1952	9	+1 lap	22
17	24	Ralf Emmerling	Frazer Nash Mille Miglia	1951	9	+1 lap	26
18	68	Manuel Eliçabe	Maserati A6GCS	1955	9	+1 lap	20
19	6	Paul Griffin	Connaught ALSR	1954	9	+1 lap	31
20	32	Nigel Webb	Jaguar C-Type	1952	9	+1 lap	19
21	2	Arlette Muller	Aston Martin DB3	1952	9	+1 lap	21
22	62	Stefan Hamelmann	Maserati A6GCS	1954	9	+1 lap	25
23	50	Martin Halusa	Ferrari 212 Export	1951	9	+1 lap	27
24	12	Najeeb Khan	Cooper T38 (Mk2)	1955	9	+1 lap	24
25	20	John Breslow	Frazer Nash Le Mans Replica (Mk2)	1952	8	+2 laps	28
26	26	David Graus	Frazer Nash Targa Florio	1952	8	+2 laps	29
27	28	Eddie McGuire	Gordini T23S	1952	4	+6 laps	14
28	54	Michael Willms	Maserati 300S	1955	1	+9 laps	9
DNS	58	Maximilian Werner	Maserati 300S	1956
DNS	64	Ulrich Schumacher	Maserati A6GCS	1954
DNS	72	Lutz Rathenow	Veritas RS2000	1948
Sources:^[10]^[11]^[12]

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	9	Andy Middlehurst	Lotus 25	1962	10	18:20.139	1
2	5	Joe Colasacco	Ferrari 1512	1964	10	+0.608	2
3	4	James King	Brabham BT7	1963	10	+22.161	3
4	16	Charles Nearburg	Brabham BT11	1964	10	+25.510	4
5	27	Andrew Beaumont	Lotus 24	1962	10	+1:16.249	6
6	10	Dan Collins	Lotus 21	1961	10	+1:16.450	7
7	19	Sidney Hoole	Cooper T66	1963	10	+1:24.802	8
8	34	Lee Mowle	Lotus 18	1961	10	+1:27.117	10
9	8	Nick Taylor	Lotus 18	1961	10	+1:30.988	9
10	24	Michel Gendre	Lotus 24	1962	10	+1:41.956	12
11	31	John Clark	Cooper T56	1961	10	+1:47.909	15
12	36	Chris Drake	Cooper T71/T73	1964	10	+1:51.933	32
13	35	Iain Rowley	Assegai	1961	9	+1 lap	5
14	26	Kurt DelBene	BRP-BRM	1964	9	+1 lap	11
15	1	John Romano	Brabham BT11	1964	9	+1 lap	16
16	15	Paul Woolley	Scirocco-BRM	1963	9	+1 lap	15
17	22	Carlos Miguens	Lotus 24	1962	9	+1 lap	21
18	20	Adam Lindemann	Lotus 18	1961	9	+1 lap	22
19	32	Bernardo Hartogs	Lotus 18/21	1961	9	+1 lap	25
20	17	Jorge Ferioli	Lola Mk4	1962	9	+1 lap	27
21	29	Matthew Newman	Brabham BT14	1965	9	+1 lap	29
22	3	Marco Rollinger	Brabham BT3	1962	9	+1 lap	30
23	12	Michael Kerry	Emeryson F1	1961	8	+2 laps	24
24	33	Scotty Taylor	Lotus 18	1961	8	+2 laps	31
25	25	John Chisholm	Lotus 18	1961	7	+3 laps	19
26	30	James Timms	Cooper T53	1961	7	+3 laps	28
27	18	Philippe Bonny	Brabham BT2	1963	5	+5 laps	13
28	21	John Delane	Lotus 21	1961	4	+6 laps	23
29	28	"Mister John of B"	Lola Mk4	1962	2	+8 laps	20
DNS	6	Charles McCabe	BRM P57	1961
DNS	7	Peter Mullen	BRM P261	1964
DNS	14	Richard Wilson	Cooper T60	1962
DNS	23	Franck Trouillard	Lotus 21	1962
Sources:^[13]^[14]^[15]

2018_Historic_Grand_Prix_of_Monaco

2018 Historic Grand Prix of Monaco

Report

Results

Summary

Série A: Pre-war Grand Prix Cars

Série B: Pre-1961 F1 and F2 Grand Prix Cars

Série C: Sports racing cars - front engine (1952–1957)

Série D: F1 Grand Prix cars (1961–1965)

Série E: F1 Grand Prix cars (1966–1972)

Série F: F1 Grand Prix cars (1973–1976)

Série G: F1 Grand Prix cars (1977–1980)

References

Share this article:

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	21	Björn Wirdheim	March 711	1971	12	20:09.785	1
2	15	Stuart Hall	McLaren M19A	1971	12	+0.389	2
3	1	Michael Lyons	Surtees TS9	1971	12	+15.894	9
4	7	Charles Nearburg	Brabham BT33	1970	12	+31.360	14
5	27	David Shaw	March 721	1972	12	+31.949	12
6	19	Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol	McLaren M19C	1972	12	+33.392	11
7	11	Philippe Scemama	Surtees TS9B	1971	12	+34.658	8
8	22	Manfredo Rossi di Montelera	Tecno PA123-3	1972	12	+45.318	7
9	8	Duncan Dayton	Brabham BT33	1970	12	+58.384	18
10	25	Franco Meiners	Ferrari 312B3	1972	12	+59.063	16
11	2	Adrian Newey	Lotus 49B	1969	12	+59.663	13
12	23	Bruno Ferrari	March 701	1970	12	+1:38.652	17
13	18	Mike Wrigley	March 721G	1972	12	+1:38.884	19
14	5	Jürgen Boden	Ferrari 312B2	1971	11	+1 lap	20
15	24	Paul Grant	De Tomaso F1-70	1970	11	+1 lap	21
16	4	Chris MacAllister	Lotus 49	1967	11	+1 lap	23
17	9	Jamie Constable	Brabham BT37	1972	10	+2 laps
18	6	Katsuaki Kubota	Lotus 72	1971	9	+3 laps	4
19	10	Clivio Piccione	McLaren M14A	1970	9	+3 laps	10
20	12	Max Smith-Hilliard	Surtees TS9B	1971	8	+4 laps	3
21	3	Paolo Barilla	Ferrari 312B	1970	8	+4 laps	5
22	17	Michael Gans	Cooper T79	1966	6	+6 laps	24
23	20	Roald Goethe	Matra MS120C	1971	1	+11 laps	15
24	26	Andy Soucek	BRM P153	1970	1	+11 laps	6
DNS	14	Christopher Perkins	Surtees TS14A	1973
Sources:^[16]^[17]^[18]

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	7	Michael Lyons	McLaren M26	1976	18	34:38.567	2
2	8	Stuart Hall	McLaren M23	1973	18	+9.347	1
3	11	Marco Werner	Ferrari 312B3	1974	18	+9.916	5
4	20	Andrew Haddon	Hesketh 308C	1975	18	+1:13.828	11
5	36	Jordan Grogor	Maki F101C	1974	18	+1:38.869	8
6	12	Maximilian Werner	Ferrari 312B3	1974	17	+1 lap	19
7	5	Gregory Thornton	Lotus 77	1976	17	+1 lap	14
8	9	Martin Lauber	Shadow DN5	1975	17	+1 lap	12
9	31	Andrew Beaumont	Lotus 76	1974	16	+2 laps	16
10	33	Piero Lottini	Surtees TS19	1976	16	+2 laps	22
11	2	John Inglessis	Lotus 72E	1974	16	+2 laps	27
12	23	Philippe Bonny	Trojan T103	1974	16	+2 laps	23
13	16	Yves Saguato	Shadow DN3	1974	15	+3 laps	28
14	22	Alex Caffi	Ensign N176	1976	14	+4 laps	3
15	32	Axcil Jefferies	Token RJ02	1974	12	+6 laps	6
16	18	Fabrice Pantani	Surtees TS16	1974	12	+6 laps	18
17	19	Nicky Pastorelli	Surtees TS19	1976	9	+9 laps	9
18	26	Christopher Atkinson	Hesketh 308	1974	7	+11 laps	21
19	21	Michael Cantillon	Williams FW05	1975	4	+14 laps	10
20	6	Max Smith-Hilliard	Lotus 77	1976	3	+15 laps	7
21	34	Cal Meeker	Williams FW04	1975	3	+15 laps	26
22	25	Nick Padmore	Shadow DN5B	1976	3	+15 laps	4
23	4	Roald Goethe	Tyrrell 007	1974	1	+17 laps	17
No lap	24	Frederic Fatien	Hesketh 308B	1974			25
No lap	30	Jean-Pierre Valentini	Amon AF101	1974			30
DNS	3	Dany Rollinger	Williams FX3B	1973
DNS	14	Keith Frieser	Shadow DN1	1973
DNS	28	Christopher Locke	Penske PC4	1974
DNS	29	Bradley Hoyt	Hill GH1	1974
DNS	27	Jamie Constable	Lola T370	1976
DNS	15	Steven Tillack	Shadow DN5	1975
EX	10	Dean Baker	Brabham BT42	1973
Sources:^[19]^[20]^[21]

Pos.	No.	Driver	Car	Year	Laps	Time/retired	Grid
1	8	Martin O'Connell	ATS D4	1980	18	32:03.138	1
2	34	Nick Padmore	Shadow DN9	1978	18	+2.568	4
3	30	Jordan Grogor	Arrows A3	1980	18	+2.825	2
4	24	Michael Lyons	Hesketh 308E	1977	18	+39.737	3
5	17	Jamie Constable	Shadow DN8	1977	18	+53.252	12
6	1	Manfredo Rossi di Montelera	Lotus 80	1979	18	+53.688	10
7	40	Steve Brooks	Lotus 81	1980	18	+59.440	9
8	3	Fabrice L'Heritier	Tyrrell 009	1979	18	+1:14.961	15
9	25	"Mister John of B"	Ligier JS11/15	1979	18	+1:17.024	14
10	7	Christophe d'Ansembourg	McLaren M26	1977	18	+1:54.202	11
11	12	Andrew Beaumont	Lotus 81	1980	17	+1 lap	16
12	39	Patrick D'Aubreby	March 761	1977	17	+1 lap	23
13	28	Mark Hazell	Williams FW07B	1980	17	+1 lap	27
14	31	Ronald Maydon	LEC CRP1	1977	17	+1 lap	29
15	27	Martin Bullock	Williams FW06	1978	17	+1 lap	24
16	26	Bassam Kronfli	March 761	1977	16	+2 laps	21
17	38	Paul Tattersall	Ensign N179	1979	16	+2 laps	26
18	37	Tom Minnich	Ensign N177	1979	15	+3 laps	25
19	6	Joaquín Folch-Rusiñol	Brabham BT49	1980	14	+4 laps	7
20	35	Nicky Pastorelli	Arrows A3	1980	12	+6 laps	5
21	2	Michael Cantillon	Tyrrell 010	1980	12	+6 laps	6
22	20	Douglas Mockett	Wolf WR6	1978	9	+9 laps	19
23	32	Philip Hall	Theodore TR1	1978	6	+12 laps	13
24	10	Christian Perrier	ATS HS01	1978	2	+16 laps	18
25	21	Frits van Eerd [nl]	Fittipaldi F7	1980	2	+16 laps	20
26	16	Pierre-Brice Mena	Shadow DN8	1977	2	+16 laps	17
DNS	14	Max Smith-Hilliard	Fittipaldi F5A	1977
DNS	19	Alexander Furiani	Surtees TS20	1978
DNS	33	Cosimo Turizio	Hesketh 308E	1977
DNS	36	Harald Becker	Arrows A3	1980
DNS	9	Tiziano Carugati
DNS	29	Frédéric Lajoux	Arrows A1	1978
DNS	5	Takuzo Kaneko	Lotus 78	1977
DNS	9	Christian Carugati	Arrows A3	1979
DNS	18	Richard Hope	Shadow DN11	1980
Sources:^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]