General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 1 October 2006. They decided the makeup of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency as well as national, entity, and cantonal governments.

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2006 Bosnian general election

← 2002 1 October 2006 2010 →
Turnout	55.31% (presidential) 0.14 pp 55.36% (parliamentary) 0.10 pp
Bosniak member of the Presidency
Candidate Haris Silajdžić Sulejman Tihić Party SBiH SDA Popular vote 350,520 153,683 Percentage 62.80% 27.53%
Croat member of the Presidency
Candidate Željko Komšić Ivo Miro Jović Party SDP BiH HDZ BiH Popular vote 116,062 76,681 Percentage 39.56% 26.14%
Serb member of the Presidency
Candidate Nebojša Radmanović Mladen Bosić Party SNSD SDS Popular vote 287,675 130,824 Percentage 53.26% 24.22%
Presidency members before election Sulejman Tihić (Bosniak) Ivo Miro Jović (Croat) Borislav Paravac (Serb) Elected Presidency members Haris Silajdžić (Bosniak) Željko Komšić (Croat) Nebojša Radmanović (Serb)
House of Representatives
All 42 seats in the House of Representatives 22 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader % Seats +/– SNSD Milorad Dodik 19.08 7 +4 SDA Sulejman Tihić 16.89 9 −1 SBiH Haris Silajdžić 15.54 8 +2 SDP BiH Zlatko Lagumdžija 10.15 5 +1 SDS Dragan Čavić 7.69 3 −2 HDZ–HNZ–HSP Dragan Čović 4.91 3 −2 Croats Together Božo Ljubić 3.73 2 +2 BPS Sefer Halilović 2.72 1 +1 NSRzB Mladen Ivanković-Lijanović 2.34 1 0 PDP Mladen Ivanić 2.01 1 −1 DNS Marko Pavić 1.42 1 +1 DNZ Fikret Abdić 1.17 1 0 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Most voted-for party by municipality Chairman before Chairman after Adnan Terzić SDA Nikola Špirić SNSD

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The elections for the House of Representatives were divided into two; one for the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for Republika Srpska. In the presidential election, voters in the Federation elected Bosniak Haris Silajdžić and Croat Željko Komšić, while voters in Republika Srpska elected Serb Nebojša Radmanović. The Party of Democratic Action emerged as the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 9 of the 42 seats.

Analysts claimed that the 2006 election would be the most important since Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence from Yugoslavia, and the subsequent Bosnian War. With the previous government failing to agree reforms to the constitution, and Bosnian Muslim politicians continuing to threaten the abolition of Republika Srpska and officials in Republika Srpska continuing to speak of possible secession from the country in response, the election was seen as crucial in determining the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results were tentatively welcomed by commentators, and described as bringing "small signs of change to a Bosnia where institutional fragmentation has cemented ethnic division", with the result suggesting "a certain retreat of nationalism among the Muslim and Croat communities".^[1]

A controversy emerged over the election of the Croatian member of Presidency. Although Željko Komšić, an ethnic Croat and member of the Social Democratic Party, he was alleged by his political opponents to have received votes mainly from Bosniaks. He was accused by his opponents that he was not the choice of Croats, but rather Bosniaks, citing that he did not win majority for Croat representative in any of the cantons with Croat majority. This is the result of the fact that in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, both Bosniak and Croat Presidency members are on one ballot, letting the voter choose to vote in either category regardless of their own ethnicity.

On the entity level, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska elected new governments.

All 289 mandates in the assemblies of the Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were up for election; the same parties elected into the Federal Parliament were elected onto cantonal assemblies (skupština kantona/скупштина кантона in Bosnian and Serbian, sabor županije in Croatian).

More information Party, USK ...

	Party	USK	PK	TK	ZDK	BPK	SBK	HNK	ZHK	KS	K10	Total
	Party of Democratic Action (SDA)	12	2	12	13	9	8	6	-	10	2	74
	Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina (Za BiH)	6	1	7	11	8	7	5	-	13	1	59
	Social Democratic Party (SDP)	6	2	11	5	6	3	2	-	7	1	43
	Croatian Democratic Union BiH (HDZ BiH)	-	7	-	2	-	6	7	9	-	5	36
	Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ1990)	-	5	-	-	-	3	7	8	-	6	29
	Croatian Party of Right/New Croatian Initiative	-	2	-	-	-	2	2	4	-	4	14
	People's Party Work for Betterment	-	2	2	1	1	1	-	2	-	1	10
	Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilović (BPS)	-	-	1	3	1	-	1	-	2	-	8
	Democratic People's Community	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6
	Bosnian Party/Social Democratic Union (BOSS/SDU)	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	5
	Alliance of Independent Social Democrats	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	5

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Source - Central Electoral Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina